Products
Nabilone is commercially available in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, for example, in the form of capsules (Cesamet, Canemes). It is a narcotic drug. In many countries, the drug is not registered. The active ingredient was developed in the 1970s.
Structure and properties
Nabilone (C24H36O3, Mr = 372.5 g/mol) is a synthetic cannabinoid closely related to dronabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient in hemp. It exists as a white, crystalline powder.
Effects
Nabilone (ATC A04AD11) has antiemetic properties. The effects are attributed to its interaction with the CB1 receptor. Furthermore, nabilone exerts comparable psychoactive effects to dronabinol (THC) or cannabis. The compound has a short half-life of about two hours. However, metabolites that remained in the body much longer have been described.
Indications
As a second-line agent for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. Nabilone may be used for other indications, such as poor appetite in HIV patients and for pain (off-label in most countries).
Abuse
Because of its similar pharmacological properties, nabilone can be used like THC or cannabis as a euphoric intoxicant. Nabilone is banned as a doping agent during athletic competition.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Capsules are usually administered twice daily.
Contraindications
Nabilone is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity. Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions may occur with, for example, central depressant drugs and ethanol.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, euphoria, ataxia, headache, and difficulty concentrating.