Nail bed inflammation on the finger

Synonyms

Onychie, paronychiaAn inflammation of the nail bed is an inflammatory process of the nail bed. The nail bed of the finger is the area that lies underneath the nail and shines slightly reddish through it. From the nail bed the growth of the fingernail takes place.

Nail bed inflammation is caused by pathogens, such as fungi or bacteria, which can penetrate the cuticle as a result of a small lesion and cause a local inflammatory reaction. There are two different forms. On the one hand, there is the inflammation, which is limited to the nail bed and is accompanied by an accumulation of pus underneath the fingernail (Panaritium subunguale).

The other is the inflammation that extends from the nail bed to the surrounding skin areas (Panaritium paranguale). The affected finger is usually severely reddened, swollen and painful. The inflammation usually heals without complications after a few days. In rare cases, a chronic course can also develop.

Causes

Nail bed inflammation on the finger is caused by a local inflammatory reaction, which is triggered by the penetration of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or even viruses. The most common pathogens are staphylococci. The nail bed is quite well protected below the nail, but even small lesions of the surrounding skin can be a possible entry point for the germs.

These small lesions or injuries often go unnoticed and can be caused, for example, by small cuts, bruising of the finger or ingrown nails. Incorrect nail care, such as nails that are cut or filed too short, can also cause small wounds or cracks in the cuticle. People who are in constant contact with cleaning products are also at risk of developing nail bed inflammation on the finger, as the cleaning products can cause skin irritation and result in brittle, cracked and dry skin. Other risk factors include patients with known diabetes mellitus, circulatory disorders, neurodermatitis or a weakened immune system.