1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests.
- Small blood count
- Differential blood count
- Electrolytes – calcium ↓, sodium ↓, potassium ↓
- Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein ↑, ketone, blood), sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing of suitable antibiotics for sensitivity/resistance).
- Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose).
- Renal parameters – urea, creatinine.
- 24h urine examination to determine creatinine clearance and proteinuria differentiation.
- [proteinuria > 3.5 g/d (foamy urine); large proteinuria (>40 mg/m 2KOF and h = 1 g/m 2KOF and day); and
- Selective proteinuria (albumin content > 80%, drop in serum albumin < 25 g/l)]
- Serum protein, especially albumin ↓ [hypalbuminemia.]
- Serum electrophoresis (immunoglobulins A, M and G) – to determine the proportions of the various proteins (protein fractions).
- Lipid metabolism – total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol ↑, triglycerides ↑ [hyperlipidemia / dyslipidemia].
Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and the obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT, gamma-GT; GGT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin – for ascites (abdominal fluid).
- Coagulation parameters – PTT, Quick, antithrombin III (AT III).
- Anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane).
- Autoantibodies against podocytes (antibodies against phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) or against “thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)).
- Complement factors C3, C4
- Antistreptolysin titer (streptococcal antibody).
- Granulocyte cytoplasmic antibodies (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; auto-Ak against granulocyte cytoplasm; ANCA).
- Autoantibodies such as ANA (antinuclear antibodies) [high ANA titers can be detected even before the appearance of SLE-typical symptoms].
- HIV, HBV, HCV – exclusion diagnostics (see with the respective disease).
- TPHA screening test – exclusion of syphilis.
- Noxae: cadmium, gold, palladium, mercury.
