Nodules in the thyroid gland

Nodules in the thyroid gland (Glandula thyroidea), or thyroid enlargement are extremely common. People of different ages suffer from these conditions, although younger people suffer from them much less frequently. However, women are affected much more often than men.

With advancing age, the nodes become more and more prominent. Often these nodes are not noticed. However, if one should feel that nodular changes in the thyroid gland are present, it is important to contact the doctor immediately, as these changes can also be malignant.

The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and nestles against the upper part of the windpipe. Its characteristic is its almost butterfly-shaped shape, as the thyroid gland consists of 2 larger side parts and a smaller middle part. The main task of the thyroid gland is to convert iodide into the hormones triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine.

It also produces the hormone calcitonin. The hormones are stored in vesicles and released into the blood when needed. Depending on whether the thyroid gland is currently storing or releasing the hormone, it has a characteristic appearance. If the cells are storing, they are flat, if the hormones are being released, the cells have an isoprismatic shape.

Symptoms

The symptoms are highly dependent on the cause and location of the nodes. Especially if nodules do not impair the function of the thyroid gland, it can continue to grow unnoticed for a very long time. If the thyroid gland is enlarged (goiter) and there are several nodes, but they grow very slowly, you may feel a feeling of pressure in the neck.

In addition, you may experience hoarseness, difficulty swallowing or even breathing difficulties. As there are many other structures in the area of the thyroid gland, such as the trachea or the esophagus, compressions and corresponding complaints can also occur here. If the body does not get enough iodine, this has a rather drastic effect on the organism.

Initially, the thyroid gland enlarges and after some time it can even lead to adenomas (benign tumors). Especially in small children, infants and unborn children it is very important that they take up enough iodine. If the trace element is missing, this can lead to mental aberrations. In adults, only fatigue, concentration disorders, sensitivity to cold and listlessness are initially noticeable. Some people may even suffer from water retention (edema).