Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Alport syndrome (also called progressive hereditary nephritis) – genetic disorder with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance with malformed collagen fibers that can lead to nephritis (kidney inflammation) with progressive renal failure (kidney weakness), sensorineural hearing loss, and various eye diseases such as a cataract (cataract)
- Alström syndrome – genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance; characteristic leading symptoms: retinal degeneration, truncal obesity, diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss; develop photophobia and nystagmus (uncontrollable, rhythmic movements of the eyes) in early childhood; visual impairment is progressive and children usually go blind by age 12; cognitive performance is not or only very slightly impaired
- Malformations of the ear, unspecified
- Usher syndrome – genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance; hearing visual impairment characterized by a combination of hearing impairment (early onset sensorineural hearing loss) or deafness from birth with visual impairment in the form of retinopathia pigmentosa (death of photoreceptors); most common cause of blind deafness.
- Waardenburg syndrome (synonyms: Waardenburg-Klein syndrome, Van der Hoeve-Halbertsma-Waardenburg syndrome, ptosis-epicanthus syndrome, Waardenburg-Shah syndrome) – collective name for various genetic disorders with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance; characteristic symptoms: partial albinism (disorder of melanin formation), congenital deaf-muteness and facial dysmorphia (facial malformations).
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59).
- Cogan syndrome – disease that likely has an autoimmune process as its basis, leading to keratitis (corneal inflammation) and sensorineural hearing loss.
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96).
- Embryopathia rubeolosa – disease of the child due to rubella infection of the mother during pregnancy.
- Erythroblasosis fetalis – excessive blood formation in the newborn.
- Mechanical birth defects
- Maternal alcohol abuse (alcohol dependence) during pregnancy.
- Perinatal hypoxia – oxygen deficiency of the child during birth.
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
- Pendred syndrome – genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, which leads to hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism) with struma formation; in addition, a sensorineural hearing loss, a hypoplasia of the cochlea (cochlea) occurs; in early childhood is often still euthyroidism (normal thyroid function).
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Cytomegaly – viral infection that mainly affects young children.
- Connatal syphilis (lues) – sexually-transmitted infectious disease transmitted from mother to unborn child during pregnancy.
- Morbilli (measles)
- Parotitis epidemica (mumps)
- Toxoplasmosis – common infectious disease of humans and in other mammals; transmitted by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is mainly transmitted through raw meat or cat feces.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Tumors of the middle ear
Ears – mastoid process (H60-H95)
- Cerumen obturans (earwax).
- Cholesteatoma (synonym: pearl tumor) of the ear – ingrowth of multilayered keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear with subsequent chronic purulent inflammation of the middle ear.
- Chronic tubal middle ear catarrh – mucosal inflammation in the area of the middle ear and the tube (connection between the middle ear and the nasopharynx).
- Chronic noise trauma
- Inherited dominant hearing loss/deafness
- Inherited mitochondrial hearing loss
- Inherited sporadic hearing loss/deafness
- Inherited X-linked hearing loss
- Hearing loss
- Labyrinthitis – inflammation of a structure of the inner ear called the labyrinth.
- Meniere’s disease – inner ear disease leading to acute attacks of dizziness, ringing in the ears and hearing loss.
- Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear)
- Otosclerosis – bony remodeling of the middle or inner ear with progressive hearing loss.
- Tympanic effusion (synonym: seromucotympanum) – accumulation of fluid in the middle ear (tympanum).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Meningitis (meningitis).
- Refsum syndrome – genetic metabolic disorder that leads primarily to progressive hearing loss beginning in the second decade of life
Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Caisson’s disease – decompression sickness that occurs primarily after surfacing too quickly from great depths.
- Explosion trauma
- Foreign body in the ear canal
- Blunt head trauma
- Tympanic membrane injury, unspecified
Medication
- See “Causes” under medications
