Products
Ofloxacin is commercially available as eye drops, eye ointment (Floxal, Floxal UD), tablets, and solution for injection (Tarivid). The active ingredient was approved in many countries in 1987, and the ophthalmic agents in 1992. The enantiomer levofloxacin is also on the market (Tavanic, generics). This article refers to ocular use.
Structure and properties
Ofloxacin (C18H20FN3O4, Mr = 361.4 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as a pale to light yellow crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water.
Effects
Ofloxacin (ATC S01AX11) has bactericidal properties. The effects are due to inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
Indications
For the treatment of bacterial infections of the anterior segment of the eye and appendages, such as conjunctivitis, lid margin inflammation, and styes.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Eye drops are usually administered 4 times daily, and eye ointment is administered 3 times daily into the conjunctival sac. When other ophthalmic agents are used, a time interval of 15 minutes should be observed. See also under Administering eye drops and Administering eye ointments.
- Avoid stays in the sun or UV light due to possible photosensitization.
- Especially the eye ointment may cause blurred vision after use.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Ophthalmic agents containing ions, such as zinc, may cancel the effects of ofloxacin and should not be used concomitantly.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include local reactions such as stinging, pain, hypersensitivity reactions, and rarely, deposits. Rarely, systemic adverse reactions such as allergic reactions and odor and taste disturbances are possible.