Pathogenesis (development of disease)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 replicates (multiplies) locally in mucosal cells. It then invades the nerve cell processes and from there into the corresponding ganglion (cluster of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system), where it remains dormant until reactivated by various stressors.
Etiology (causes)
Behavioral causes
- Close physical contact
- Sexual contact
The following factors may promote reactivation:
Biographical causes
- Hormonal changes – such as menstruation (period).
Behavioral causes
- Psycho-social situation
- Stress (due toweakening of the immune system).
Causes due to disease
- Febrile infections
- Skin/mucous membrane lesions
