Osteoarthritis (synonyms: Ankylosing osteoarthritis; Arthropathia deformans; Arthrosis deformans; Chopart joint osteoarthritis; Degenerative arthropathy; Degenerative joint disease; Metatarsophalangeal joint arthritis; Coxarthrosis; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthrosis; Osteoarthrosis deformans; Degenerative arthritis; ICD-10-GM M19.-: Other osteoarthritis) is a degenerative joint disease associated with degenerative changes in articular cartilage, joint capsule, and subchondral bone.
Normally, cartilage, along with synovial fluid (synovial fluid), protects joints and acts as a type of “shock absorber.” Due to osteoarthritis, this function can no longer be guaranteed. The disease is divided into the following forms of osteoarthritis:
- Primary forms – e.g. due to overuse.
- Secondary forms – due to malformations, diseases, trauma (injuries), surgery, etc.
Most commonly affected are:
- Gonarthrosis (ICD-10-GM M17.-: Gonarthrosis [osteoarthritis of the knee joint]) with 61%, right more often than left.
- Spondyloarthrosis (osteoarthritis of the spinal joints; ICD-10-GM M47.-: Spondylosis) with 55%.
- Coxarthrosis (ICD-10-GM M16.-: Koxarthrose [osteoarthritis of the hip joint]) with 38%.
- Omarthrosis (osteoarthritis of the shoulder; ICD-10-GM M19.9: Osteoarthritis, unspecified) with 26%.
- Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (ICD-10-GM K07.-: Dentofacial anomalies [including defective occlusion]) with 4%.
- Rhizarthrosis (ICD-10-GM M18.-: Rhizarthrosis [osteoarthritis of the thumb saddle joint]) with 4%.
- Finger and thumb joint arthrosis/arthrosis of the hand (ICD-10-GM M19.-: Other arthrosis).
Other forms of osteoarthritis are:
- Bouchard’s arthrosis (osteoarthritis of the finger medial joints; ICD-10-GM M15.2: Bouchard’s nodes (with arthropathy)).
- Heberden’s arthrosis (osteoarthritis of the finger end joints; ICD-10-GM M15.1: Heberden’s nodes (with arthropathy))
- Hallux rigidus (osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint; ICD-10-GM M20.2: Hallux rigidus).
Details on the individual forms of osteoarthritis can be found in each case under the respective medical term.
Gender ratio: women suffer more often from osteoarthritis than men.
Frequency peak: the disease occurs predominantly in older age.
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in adults.
The prevalence (disease incidence) is 30% in women and 25% in men (in the 45-65 age group); from the age of 60, a good half of women and one third of men are affected. In 20% of the population in the 6th decade of life, radiographic signs of Kox or Gonarthrosis (hip joint or knee joint arthrosis) are detectable.
Course and prognosis: Osteoarthritis is a localized disease that can occur in more than one joint. Knees or hips as well as finger joints are particularly frequently affected. The onset of osteoarthritis is usually gradual. The disease is not curable, but adequate treatments can significantly relieve symptoms and prevent or slow progression (progression).
