Osteomyelitis of the Jaw Bones: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).

  • Maxillary hemangioma – benign vascular neoplasm in the jawbone.
  • Blood formation foci

Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99)

  • Cutaneous fistula

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

  • Bacterial infection
  • Viral infection
  • Mycosis (fungal disease)

Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

  • Diseases of the pulp (dental pulp)and periapical (“around the root apex”) tissues (K04)
    • Acute apical periodontitis (inflammation of the periodontium (periodontium) just below the root of the tooth; apical = “toward the root of the tooth”) of pulpal origin
    • Chronic apical periodontitis
      • Apical periodontitis o. n. A.
      • Apical granuloma
      • Periapical granuloma
    • Periapical abscess with/without fistula
    • Radicular cyst
      • Cyst
      • Apical (periodontal)
      • Periapical
      • Residual
      • Radicular
  • Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) and diseases of the periodontium (K05).
  • Giant cell granuloma
  • Cysts of the oral region, not elsewhere classified K09)
  • Other diseases of the jaws (K10)
    • Fibrous dysplasia
    • Fibroma, ossifying
    • Fibroma, non-osseous
    • Ostitis round (bone inflammation)
  • Phlegmon (diffuse inflammation of connective tissue that continues to spread under the skin) and abscess (encapsulated pus cavity) of the mouth.

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).

  • Abacterial inflammatory bone disease [primary chronic osteomyelitis].
  • SAPHO syndrome Disease from the group of forms of rheumatic diseases; the acronym SAPHO stands for the symptoms that occur:
    • Synovitis (synovial inflammation; non-erosive),
    • Acne (often severe conglobata form),
    • Pustulosis (psoriasis of the hands and/or feet),
    • Hyperostosis (bone hypertrophy; especially in the sternoclavicular joint/chest-clavicle joint).
    • Osteitis (bone inflammation; spondyloarthropathy, spondylodiscitis (inflammation of the intervertebral disc and the two adjacent vertebral bodies; about 2-4% of all infectious skeletal diseases in children (mostly with Staphylococcus aureus); is predominantly caused by a hematogenous (“in the bloodstream) spread), chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) or pustular arthroosteitis).

Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).

  • Malignant (malignant) tumors complicated by secondary bone infection [secondary chronic osteomyelitis].
  • Osteosarcoma [primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Squamous cell carcinoma, endosseous [Primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Sclerosing bone tumors [primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Tumor-like changes [primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Langerhans cell histiocytoses [primary chronic, acute, and secondary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Metastases (daughter tumors) [primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Paget’s disease – malignant neoplasia (malignant neoplasm) of the breast (breast carcinoma / breast cancer) [primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Plasmocytoma [primary chronic osteomyelitis]
  • Benign (benign) tumors, unspecified.

Injuries, poisonings, and other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).

  • Trauma to the jaw [acute osteomyelitis]