Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Genetically determined forms of hearing loss.
- Auditory canal stenosis (narrowing)/atresia of the auditory canal (nonunion of the auditory canal).
- Malformations of the ear, unspecified
- Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) – genetic diseases with autosomal dominant inheritance, more rarely autosomal recessive inheritance; 7 types of osteogenesis imperfecta are differentiated; the main feature of OI type I is altered collagen, resulting in abnormally high bone fragility (brittle bone disease).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Apoplexy (stroke)
- Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull; parenchymal, subarachnoid, sub- and epidural, and supra- and infratentorial hemorrhage)/intracerebral hemorrhage (ICB; cerebral hemorrhage)
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Acoustic neuroma (AKN) – benign tumor arising from the Schwanńs cells of the vestibular portion of the VIII. Cranial nerve, the auditory and vestibular nerves (vestibulocochlear nerve), and is located in the cerebellopontine angle or in the internal auditory canal. Acoustic neuroma is the most common cerebellopontine angle tumor. More than 95% of all AKNs are unilateral. In contrast, in the presence of neurofibromatosis type 2, acoustic neuroma typically occurs bilaterally.
- Brain tumors, unspecified
- Neoplasms in the area of the petrous bone or the cerebellopontine angle.
Ears – mastoid process (H60-H95)
- Acute noise trauma
- Acute otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear)/ otitis externa (inflammation of the outer ear).
- Cerumen obturans (earwax).
- Cholesteatoma – chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the ear canal and eardrum, which can lead to destruction of the bony parts.
- Chronic mucosal ulceration with eardrum defect.
- Blast trauma
- Ossicular dislocation – in this case, there has been a decoupling of the ossicular chain.
- Hammerhead fixation as a result of inflammatory middle ear processes [on examination of the eardrum: suspended mobility of the malleus].
- Hearing loss
- Idiopathic chronic progressive hearing loss
- Blast trauma
- Labyrinthitis – inflammation of the labyrinth (infection of the inner ear, i.e. the cochlea and the organ of balance).
- Noise-induced hearing loss
- Tympanic effusion* (synonym: seromucotympanum) – accumulation of fluid in the middle ear (tympanum) → middle ear hearing loss.
- Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss).
- Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (“SCDS”) – neurotological disorder; hetreogenic clinical picture.
- Tubal catarrh – mucosal inflammation of the tuba eustachii (Eustachi tube), often in the context of an upper respiratory tract infection.
- Tympanosclerosis – calcification of the ossicular chain as a result of frequent middle ear infections.
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Auditory perception and processing disorder (AVWS).
- Multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Hearing loss due to nerve compression
Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation (rupture of the tympanic membrane; e.g., injury by foreign bodies, in about two-thirds of cases by cotton swabs (Q-tips); in adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, in about one-third of cases, trauma during water sports (diving or water skiing)).
