The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by ovarian cysts and other benign neoplasms of the ovary:
Blood, blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90).
- Meigs syndrome (Demons-Meigs syndrome, Meigs-Cass syndrome): ovarian fibroma with ascites (abdominal fluid) and pleural effusion (chest effusion) usually on the right side
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Cushing’s syndrome similar picture optional in:
- Lipid cell tumor
- Struma ovarii
- Hyperandrogenemia (androgen excess) facultative in:
- Androblastoma (arrhenoblastoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) (predominantly androgenic).
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Lipid cell tumor (androgen-forming in 10%, occasionally a Cushing’s syndrome-like picture or hormone-inactive).
- Luteoma gravidarum (pregnancy luteoma) (progesterone and or androgen-forming).
- Hilus cell tumor (mostly androgen-forming).
- PCO syndrome (polycystic ovaries, polycystic ovary syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, sclerocystic ovary syndrome) – symptom complex characterized by hormonal dysfunction of the ovaries (ovaries).
- Hyperestrogenemia (excess estrogen) facultative in:
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Granulosa cell tumor (estrogen-forming).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Theca cell tumor (thecom) (estrogen-forming).
- Hyperthyroidism/hyperthyroidism facultative with struma ovarii.
- Carcinoid syndrome (flushing/seizure-like redness, flushing, dizziness, visual disturbances, gastrointestinal pain, asthma attacks) due to serotonin production in carcinoid (monodermal special form of teratoma adultum).
- Pseudopubertas praecox/form of premature sexual maturity in the juvenile type of granulosa cell tumor (about 5% of granulosa cell tumors).
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).
- Hirsutism facultative in:
- Androblastoma (arrhenoblastoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) (predominantly androgenic).
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Lipid cell tumor (androgen-forming in 10%, occasionally a Cushing’s syndrome-like picture or hormone-inactive ).
- Luteoma gravidarum (pregnancy luteoma) (progesterone and or androgen-forming).
- Hilus cell tumor (mostly androgen-forming).
- PCO syndrome (polycystic ovaries, polycystic ovary syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, sclerocystic ovary syndrome).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Complications of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) resulting from human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration in childbearing:
- Cerebral infarction
- Pulmonary embolism
- Thromboembolism
- Thrombosis
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Adhesive abdomen (adhesions of the abdominal cavity) after rupture of cystic ovarian tumors.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Biliary abdomen (pseudomyxoma peritonei): complications after rupture of a mucinous kystadenoma.
- Ovarian carcinoma (ovarian cancer), secondary.
- Epithelial tumors
- Brenner tumor (extremely rare)
- Endometrioid tumors (20%).
- Kystadenoma*
- Kystadenofibroma (very rare).
- Mucinous kystadenoma (10-15%).
- Surface papilloma (50%)
- Serous kystadenoma (30-50%)
- Epithelial tumors
- Germ cell tumors
- Gonadoblastoma (germinoma) (estrogen- or androgen-forming or silent).
- Lipid cell tumor (adrenal remnant tumor, hypernephroid tumor) (scattered adrenocortical tissue).
- Stromal tumors of the germinal cord (germinal cord stromal tumors,tumors of endocrine differentiated gonadal mesenchyme (sex cord))
- Androblastoma (arrhenoblastoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) (predominantly androgen-forming) ( 30%).
- Granulosa cell tumor (estrogen-forming) (30%).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming) (20%).
- Hilar cell tumor (usually androgen-forming).
- Theca cell tumor (estrogen-forming) (4-5%).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Ascites (abdominal fluid) in the setting of a
- Ovarian fibroma
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Endometriosis e.g.
- Of the pelvic peritoneum
- Of the bladder
- Of the intestine
- Of the fallopian tube (uterine tube)
- Of the ureter
- In skin scars
- Of the septum rectovaginale
- Of the uterus/uterine (adenomyosis uteri)
- Of the vagina (vagina)
- Glandular-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium (endometrial hyperplasia, glandular endometrial hyperplasia) in diseases associated with hyperestrogenemia (excessive formation of estrogen) or facultative estrogen-forming:
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Granulosa cell tumor (estrogen-forming).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Theca cell tumor (thecom) (estrogen-forming).
- Clitoral hypertrophy (abnormally large clitoris) facultative in:
- Androblastoma (arrhenoblastoma, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) (predominantly androgenic).
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Lipid cell tumor (androgen-forming in 10%, occasionally a Cushing’s syndrome-like picture or hormone-inactive ).
- Luteoma gravidarum (pregnancy luteoma) (progesterone and or androgen-forming).
- Hilus cell tumor (usually androgen-forming).
- PCO syndrome (polycystic ovaries, polycystic ovary syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, sclerocystic ovary syndrome).
- Cycle abnormalities or bleeding disorders (menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia/bleeding is prolonged (> 6 days) and increased, metrorrhagia/bleeding outside the actual menstruation; it is usually prolonged and increased, a regular cycle is not apparent) in diseases associated with hyperestrogenemia or facultative estrogen-forming:
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Granulosa cell tumor (estrogen-forming).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Theca cell tumor (thecom) (estrogen-forming).
- Ovarian torsion (ovarian stem rotation ; major risk factors: presence of an ovarian cyst or a space-occupying lesion).
- Ovarian cyst rupture (“rupture of an ovarian cyst”; typically associated with unilateral lower abdominal pain)
- Postmenopausal bleeding (bleeding after which the last bleeding has failed for at least one year) in diseases associated with hyperestrogenemia or facultative estrogen-forming:
- Gonadoblastoma (androgen-forming, estrogen-forming, or hormone-inactive).
- Granulosa cell tumor (estrogen-forming).
- Gynandroblastoma (estrogen- or androgen-forming).
- Theca cell tumor (thecom) (estrogen-forming).
- Hyperstimulation syndrome (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, OHSS) in the context of HCG administration (human chorionic gonadotropin) in childbearing.