Ovarian cysts (ovarian cysts) and other benign ovarian tumors (ovarian tumors) are diverse. This is reflected in the different ICD-10-GM classifications:
- ICD-10-GM D27: Benign neoplasm of the ovary (ovarian) eg:
- Adenofibroma
- Adenoma testiculare
- Benign Brenner tumor
- Benign Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (arrhenoblastoma).
- Dermoid cyst (Demons-Meigs syndrome).
- Ovarian cyst
- Functional (“arising as part of the female cycle”, i.e. conditioned by ovarian function).
- Neoplastic (“new-forming”).
- ICD-10-GM D39.1: Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior: ovary.
- ICD-10-GM E 28.-: Ovarian dysfunction
- ICD-10-GM E28.0: Ovarian dysfunction: estrogen excess.
- ICD-10-GM E28.1: Ovarian dysfunction: androgen excess.
- ICD-10-GM E28.2: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO syndrome, polycystic ovaries, polycystic ovary syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, sclerocystic ovary syndrome) – symptom complex characterized by hormonal dysfunction of the ovaries.
- ICD-10-GM E28.8: Other ovarian dysfunction, incl.: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
- ICD-10-GM N 80.1: Endometriosis of the ovary (chocolate cyst, tea cyst).
- ICD-10-GM N 83.-: Noninflammatory diseases of the ovary, uterine tuba, and ligamentum latum uteri.
- ICD-10-GM N83.0: Follicular cyst of the ovary.
- ICD-10-GM N83.1: cyst of the corpus luteum
- Hemorrhagic lutein cyst
- Granulosa theca lutein cyst
- ICD-10-GM N83.2: Other and unspecified ovarian cysts.
- ICD-10-GM N98.1: Ovarian hyperstimulation, incl.: Associated with induced ovulation (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)).
- ICD-10-GM Q50.1: Dysontogenetic ovarian cyst, congenital ovarian cyst, developmental ovarian cyst.
Ovarian cysts and other benign ovarian tumors develop from the four different types of tissue in the ovary (surface epithelium, germ cells = oocytes, the hormone-producing germ line tissue, stroma). A variety of different tumors can develop from these. They can occur at any age, during pregnancy, even intrauterine (“inside the uterus“). Of them, the most frequent are the epithelial tumors (60-70%). Frequency peak: the maximum occurrence of benign (benign) ovarian changes is in the sexually mature period with frequency peaks shortly after puberty and during menopause. The prevalence (disease incidence) is not known for the large number of different neoplasms:
- For lack of systematic studies,
- Frequent absence of symptoms,
- Because many findings are not palpated during routine examinations due to low volume or unfavorable examination conditions (e.g., obesity, defensive tension),
- Because vaginal sonography (ultrasound examination using a transducer through the vagina) is not part of routine diagnostics.
The prevalence of cysts > 3 cm is reported to be about 7% premenopausal (before menopause) and about 3% postmenopausal (after menopause) in asymptomatic (“without obvious symptoms”) women. Course and prognosis: The course is variable. Solid tumors persist and require surgical removal regardless of clinical presentation and symptomatology; some may malignantly degenerate. Cystic tumors, depending on their type, may regress spontaneously, persist, increase in size, or become malignant (malignant). Whether and when therapeutic intervention is necessary depends on the clinical picture, especially the symptoms, the behavior (growth or regression) and the ultrasound picture. The procedure for uncomplicated as well as complicated cysts also depends on whether the woman is before or after the onset of menopause (see “Surgical therapy“). The risk of malignant cysts and ovarian cancer increases after menopause. Recurrences (reoccurrence): while cystic changes recur frequently, this is the exception for solid tumors. The recurrence rate is unknown due to lack of valid studies.
