The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by primary hyperparathyroidism:
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Hypercalcemic crisis (serum calcium > 3.5 mmol/l) – polyuria (increased urination), exsiccosis (dehydration), hyperpyrexia (extreme fever: higher than 41 °C), cardiac arrhythmias, weakness and lethargy, and somnolence (drowsiness) to coma
- Hypercalcemia syndrome: this causes:
- Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea (nausea), vomiting, constipation and anorexia.
- Renal tubular dysfunction: polyuria and polydipsia (excessive fluid intake by drinking); nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), nephrocalcinosis (calcifications of the kidney).
- Cardiovascular symptoms: Hypertension (high blood pressure), bradyarrhythmias (very slow heartbeat with a rate below 50 beats per minute with no discernible rhythm) and QT shortening (to asystole/without cardiac contraction).
- Neuromuscular symptoms: rapid fatigability, muscle weakness, hyporeflexia, depressed mood, apathy (listlessness), coma
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica generalisata von Recklinghausen – degradation of bone substance and replacement by connective tissue (“brown tumors”); very rare.
Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Diffuse bone pain
- Fractures (broken bones)
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium (O00-O99)
- Abortion (miscarriage)
- Premature birth (birth before completion of the 37th week of pregnancy (SSW)).
- Low birth weight
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Fatigue
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99)
- Urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis (urinary stone formation) (20-25% of cases).
- Nephrocalcinosis (calcifications in the kidneys) (<5%).
The following are the main diseases or complications that may be co-mediated by renal secondary hyperparathyroidism:
Blood, blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90).
- Anemia (anemia)
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99)
- Pruritus (itching)
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Calcifications (calcifications) of soft tissues, organs and vessels → increased risk of apoplexy (stroke) and myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- Renal osteopathy – disturbance / damage to bone metabolism in the context of chronic renal failure.
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be co-morbid due to tertiary hyperparathyroidism:
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Hypercalcemic crisis (serum calcium > 3.5 mmol/l) – polyuria (increased urination), exsiccosis (dehydration), hyperpyrexia (extreme fever: higher than 41 °C), cardiac arrhythmias, weakness and lethargy, and somnolence (drowsiness) to coma
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis (urinary stone formation).
Further
- Complications of the underlying disease
