Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Amyloidopathies – abnormal accumulation of abnormally altered proteins in the interstitium (between cells), which is possible in almost all organs.
- Chédiak-Higashi disease – very rare metabolic disease that leads mainly to pigment deficiency and recurrent infections.
- Hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism of the parathyroid gland).
- Wilson’s disease (copper storage disease) – autosomal recessive inherited disease in which copper metabolism in the liver is disturbed by one or more gene mutations.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Syphilis (lues) – sexually transmitted infectious disease.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Brain tumors, unspecified
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Huntington’s chorea (synonyms: Huntington’s chorea or Huntington’s disease; older name: St. Vitus’ dance) – genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by involuntary, uncoordinated movements accompanied by flaccid muscle tone.
- Dementia pugilistica – dementia caused by repeated traumatic brain injury (injury).
- Depression
- Dystonia Parkinsonism
- Essential tremor – genetically caused trembling of the hands at rest.
- Familial form of Parkinsonism
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD; synonyms: Pick’s disease, Pick’s disease; Pick’s disease) – a neurodegenerative disease in the frontal lobe (frontal lobe) and temporal lobe (temporal lobe) of the brain, usually occurring before the age of 60, resulting in progressive personality decline; belongs to the group of frontotemporal lobular degenerations; three clinical subtypes caused by frontotemporal neuronal decline are distinguished: 1. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 2. semantic dementia, and 3. progressive non-fluent aphasia; FTD is often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease.
- Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSSS) – transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by prions; it resembles Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; disease with ataxia (gait disorder) and progressive dementia.
- Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome – genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, which leads to neurodegeneration with iron deposition in the brain, resulting in mental retardation and early death; onset of symptoms before the age of 10.
- Idiopathic (unknown) conditioned form of Parkinsonism.
- Catatonia – psychiatric disorder with limitation of movement.
- Corticobasal degeneration – degradation of tissue of certain brain areas.
- Lewy body dementia – dementia with special histological picture.
- Multi-infarct dementia – dementia that can occur after multiple strokes.
- Non-Wilson hepatolenticular degeneration – changes similar to those seen in Wilson’s disease (copper storage disease).
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus – special form of hydrocephalus.
- Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism – parkinsonism occurring after inflammation of the brain.
- Progressive supranuclear palsy – serious neurological disease.
- Spinocerebellar ataxia – gait disturbance due to spinal cord and cerebellar damage.
- Vascular Parkinson’s syndrome (subcortical vascular encephalopathy) – parkinsonism developed due to vascular changes.
- Cerebral palsy – damage to the central nervous system usually during birth or neonatal period.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Apathy (listlessness)
Medication
- Antiemetics – medications such as metoclopramide (MCP) that are used to treat nausea and vomiting.
- Antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
- Conventional (Classical) antipsychotics (neuroleptics) – drugs such as haloperidol used for psychiatric disorders.
- Atypical antipsychotics (neuroleptics) – medications such as risperidone, which are used for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and produce fewer Parkinson’s-like side effects than classical antipsychotics/neuroleptics
- Alpha-methyldopa – antihypertensive (drug for high blood pressure).
- Calcium antagonists of the flunarizine type, e.g., cinnarizine, flunarizine (these drugs are no longer available in Germany for this indication, but are available as antivertiginosum).
- Lithium – drug used in bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness) for phase prophylaxis.
- Reserpine – antihypertensive (drug against high blood pressure); was formerly used as a neuroleptic.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – drugs such as fluoxetine or citalopram used in the treatment of depression.
- Valproic acid – anticonvulsant (drug used in epilepsy).
Environmental pollution – intoxications (poisoning).
- Cobald
- Disulfiram
- Carbon disulfide
- Carbon monoxide
- Manganese
- Methyl alcohol (methanol)
- MPTP (1-methyl-1-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)
- Cyanide
Legend: In bold, the main differential diagnoses of Parkinson’s disease.