Pernicious anemia

Note

You are in a sub-theme of the Anemia section. You can find general information on this topic under: Anemia

Introduction

Pernicious anemia is a special form of anaemia. The vitamin B12 deficiency results from the lack of the intrinsic factor and consequently leads to anemia. Vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed in the small intestine (ileum).

The reason for the lack of intrinsic factor is surgical removal of the stomach (gastrectomy) or a regression of the stomach lining due to inflammation (atrophic gastritis), e.g. in chronic alcohol abuse, especially in the area of the stomach outlet. This can also be caused by Autian antibodies that attack the body’s own structures. These autoantibodies can be directed against the cells that form the intrinsic factor (parietal cells of the stomach) or against the intrinsic factor itself.

Pernicious anemia is the most common form of anemia among the megaloblastic forms. Women are affected about twice as often as men, the mean age is about 55 – 65 years. Without treatment, this form of anemia is fatal.

These are the symptoms of pernicious anemia

Pernicious anemia is first manifested by general signs of anemia. These include fatigue and reduced performance. Under stress, the symptoms become more pronounced.

In addition, paleness of the skin appears. This is particularly noticeable on the mucous membranes. If the anemia develops slowly, the body may adapt to the situation to such an extent that no symptoms occur for a long time.

Since pernicious anemia is based on a vitamin B12 deficiency, other symptoms may also occur. The vitamin is also very important for the nerves. With a lack therefore paralyses, gait insecurity, bad sensations at hands and feet are possible.

Other neurological complaints such as impotence, bladder dysfunction or depressive moods can also occur. The existing inflammation of the stomach lining leads to pain in the upper abdomen and nausea. In addition, there are also changes in the mucous membrane of the tongue. The tongue becomes red and smooth. Furthermore, a burning sensation of the tongue occurs.