Products
Phentermine is no longer available in many countries. It was formerly included in Adipex, Ionamine, and Normaform. Phentermine is still on sale in some countries, including the United States. Phentermine is also combined with topiramate (Qsymia) and fenfluramine (“fen-phen”). The combinations are controversial. The European Medicines Agency has rejected approval.
Structure and properties
Phentermine (C10H15N, Mr = 149.2 g/mol) has a phenylethylamine structure and is a derivative of amphetamine. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as phentermine hydrochloride, a white, odorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder that is soluble in water.
Effects
Phentermine (ATC A08AA01) has sympathomimetic, central stimulant, and appetite suppressant properties. The effects are due to an increase in neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft.
Indications
For short-term treatment of overweight and obesity.
Abuse
Phentermine can be abused as a stimulant intoxicant and party drug and can be addictive.
Contraindications
Numerous precautions must be observed during use. Full details can be found in the drug label.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include palpable heartbeats, rapid pulse, high blood pressure, hyperstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dysphoria, tremor, headache, psychotic disorders, dry mouth, indigestion, allergic reactions, and libido changes. Phentermine may rarely cause pulmonary arterial hypertension.
