A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further:
- Inspection (viewing) of skin and mucous membranes [pallor; sweating].
- Auscultation (listening) of the heart [palpitations (heartbeat)]
- Examination of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, palpitation?, cough pain?, guarding?, hernial orifices?, renal bearing palpation?) [flank pain]
- Palpation of the renal bed
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.
