What is phlebitis in the calf?
A phlebitis, also known as phlebitis, describes the inflammation of the wall of veins. The superficial vessels of the lower extremity are particularly affected, as they are subject to greater pressure. In addition to the ankles, thigh and knee, the calves are therefore mainly affected by such phlebitis. A distinction is also made between inflammation of intact functional veins, which is then referred to as thrombophlebits, and so-called varicophlebits, i.e. inflammation of varicose veins. The first form is much more dangerous, as there is a risk of developing deep vein thrombosis.
Symptoms of phlebitis of the calf
The symptoms of phlebitis are usually very characteristic. There are usually classic signs of inflammation on the calf, such as a distinct redness, warming and pain. The vein can swell and harden to such an extent that it stands out from the skin surface as a prominent strand.
Swelling of the entire calf is rarely observed. The existing pain is clearly sensitive to pressure and becomes much stronger even at the slightest touch. If the phlebitis is caused by bacteria, a slight to moderate fever may also occur.
Depending on the severity of the inflammation, significant pain can occur in the context of phlebitis. This is usually intensified by touching and applying pressure to the skin over the inflamed vein. However, there is also a significant increase in pain when the calf muscles are tensed, especially when lifting the toes. Therefore, adequate pain therapy is usually also part of the treatment of phlebitis of the calf.
What are the causes?
By far the most common cause of phlebitis is varicose veins. In addition to the already altered wall structure of the affected veins, the blood flow through these vessels is significantly slowed, which promotes the development of inflammation. However, wearing tight clothing or long periods of bed rest can also reduce the blood flow in the leg veins and serve as risk factors.
Furthermore, direct damage to the venous walls can be the cause of phlebitis. In addition to insect bites, such an injury is usually due to medical treatment. This includes, for example, taking blood samples, inserting a venous access or giving infusions. A thrombosis, i.e. a blood clot in the veins, can also be the cause of phlebitis. Older people and pregnant women are particularly affected by this.
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