Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Sonography (ultrasound examination) of the affected region.
- Compression phlebosonography (KUS, synonym: vein compression sonography); sonography (ultrasound examination) to document and check the compressibility of the deep veins in the legs and arms) – in cases of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT); very safe procedure especially in cases of thrombi (blood clots) of the femoral veins or popliteal vein [gold standard].
- Phlebography (representation of the veins by contrast medium in an X-ray examination).
- Computed tomography (CT; sectional imaging procedure (X-ray images from different directions with computer-based evaluation)) – if malignant neoplasia (malignant neoplasm) is suspected.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; computer-assisted cross-sectional imaging procedure (using magnetic fields, that is, without X-rays)) – for suspected malignant neoplasia.