A SLAP lesion is an injury to the cartilaginous lip of the shoulder joint, the so-called “labrum glenoid anterior superior”. The name refers to the mechanism of the lesion, i.e. the superior labrum from anterior to posterior. This means that there is an injury (lesion) of the cartilage lip (labrum) from the front to the back (anterior to posterior) at the upper edge of the glenoid cavity (origin of the long biceps tendon).
A violent impact on the mostly outstretched arm can cause the cartilage lip to tear in the shoulder joint. There are different forms of SLAP lesion and various concomitant injuries, such as lesions of the rotator cuff, may also occur. Sportsmen and women who perform ball sports are particularly frequently affected. The therapy depends on the extent of the injury and possible concomitant injuries.
SLAP lesion – therapy
After a precise diagnosis by means of physical examination and imaging procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging or arthroscopy, a targeted therapy follows. In the case of uncomplicated injuries, a conservative therapy consisting of strengthening physiotherapy is often possible. The rotator cuff is strengthened and shortened structures are stretched to restore physiological stress to the glenoid cavity of the shoulder joint.
More difficult SLAP lesions can be treated arthroscopically. The cartilage tears can be removed and the glenoid cavity smoothed. Sewing of tears is also possible.
In the case of complete tears, the cartilage lip can be re-anchored. Cartilage fragments that cannot be reconstructed are removed. In the case of concomitant injuries to the articular cartilage, the rotator cuff or the biceps tendon, which also run in the immediate vicinity, concomitant injuries or degenerative changes can be repaired at the same time.
Depending on the results of the operation, the shoulder joint is then immobilised and protected. An adapted pain medication is possible. If there is sufficient stability, a physiotherapeutic training is carried out, in which the shoulder is mobilized again, muscles that are too weak are strengthened and shortened structures are specifically stretched.
The patient should also carry out a homework program regularly at home. Splints or tape bandages can also be used to support the therapy. The therapy is very similar to the therapy of a rotator cuff rupture.
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