Products
Pilocarpine eye drops have been approved in many countries since 1960 (Spersacarpine). The combination with carteolol is off-label (Arteopilo). See also under pilocarpine tablets.
Structure and properties
Pilocarpine (C11H16N2O2, 208.26 g/mol) is present in the drops as pilocarpine hydrochloride, a white powder or colorless crystals that are very soluble in water. Pilocarpine is an alkaloid from -species (jaborandi leaves).
Effects
Pilocarpine (ATC S01EB01) has direct parasympathomimetic properties and causes pupillary constriction and a decrease in intraocular pressure in the eye.
Indications
For the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma, acute and chronic narrow-angle glaucoma, and ocular hypertension.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Usually 1 drop is placed in the conjunctival sac of the eye two to four times daily. See also under Administering eye drops.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Acute inflammation of the iris
- Diseases in which pupillary constriction is contraindicated.
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Drug interactions are possible with muscle relaxants and cardiac glycosides.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include local reactions to the eye such as visual disturbances, impaired accommodation, pupillary constriction, increased lacrimation, conjunctival irritation, and headache. Systemic adverse reactions are rare.
