Polyuria (Increased Urination): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90).

  • Sickle cell anemia (med: drepanocytosis; also sickle cell anemia, English : sickle cell anemia) – genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance affecting erythrocytes (red blood cells); it belongs to the group of hemoglobinopathies (disorders of hemoglobin; formation of an irregular hemoglobin called sickle cell hemoglobin, HbS).

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).

  • Bartter syndrome – very rare genetic metabolic disorder with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive inheritance; defect of tubular transport proteins; hyperaldosteronism (disease states associated with increased secretion of aldosterone), hypokalemia (potassium deficiency), and hypotension (low blood pressure).
  • Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism, PH) – disease associated with increased secretion of aldosterone.
  • Diabetes insipidus (congenital or acquired disease characterized by increased urine output (polyuria) and increased thirst with polydipsia (increased drinking)):
    • Diabetes insipidus centralis – caused by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to failure of ADH production (partial (partial) or total; permanent or transient (temporary); due to, e.g., hypothalamohypophyseal tumor, traumatic brain injury (TBI), etc.).
    • Diabetes insipidus renalis (synonym: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; ICD-10 N25.1) – caused by lack of or insufficient response of the kidneys to ADH (ADH concentration is normal or even increased).
  • Diabetes mellitus (diabetes), poorly adjusted.
  • Diabetic coma
  • Fanconi syndrome (synonyms: Gluco-amino-phosphate diabetes, De-Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome, Reno-tubular syndrome (Fanconi).
    • Genetic (hereditary De-Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome; autosomal recessive inheritance) – renal dysfunction (proximal tubule) with urinary excretion of glucose, amino acids, potassium, phosphate, and protein; hypercalcemia with risk of nephrocalcinosis and metabolic acidosis (metabolic acidosis)
    • Acquired as a result of secondary genesis (e.g. metabolic diseases; nephrotoxic substances).
  • Hypercalcemia (calcium excess) – e.g. due tomalignant neoplasms / malignant neoplasms (eg, multiple bone metastases in breast cancer / breast cancer, plasmocytoma, etc.), hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hyperfunction).
  • Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).
  • Hypoglycemia (hyperglycemia)
  • Graves’ disease – autoimmune disease; it is hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) induced by stimulating autoantibodies against the TSH receptor (TRAK) (due to increased organ perfusion: GFR ↑).
  • Cushing’s disease – group of diseases leading to hypercortisolism (hypercortisolism; excess of cortisol).

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).

Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

  • Diarrhea (diarrhea), chronic

Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).

  • Primary polydipsia – increased fluid consumption without underlying disease.
  • Psychogenic polydipsia (compulsive water drinking).

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).

Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).

Medication

Further

  • Behavioral causes
    • Nutrition
      • High protein (protein-rich) diet
    • Consumption of stimulants
      • Alcohol consumption
    • Polydipsia (excessive feeling of thirst)
  • X-ray contrast agent intake
  • Condition after paravertebral anesthesia – form of regional anesthesia.