Blood, hematopoietic organs-immune system (D50-D90).
- Sickle cell anemia (med: drepanocytosis; also sickle cell anemia, English : sickle cell anemia) – genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance affecting erythrocytes (red blood cells); it belongs to the group of hemoglobinopathies (disorders of hemoglobin; formation of an irregular hemoglobin called sickle cell hemoglobin, HbS).
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Bartter syndrome – very rare genetic metabolic disorder with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive inheritance; defect of tubular transport proteins; hyperaldosteronism (disease states associated with increased secretion of aldosterone), hypokalemia (potassium deficiency), and hypotension (low blood pressure).
- Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism, PH) – disease associated with increased secretion of aldosterone.
- Diabetes insipidus (congenital or acquired disease characterized by increased urine output (polyuria) and increased thirst with polydipsia (increased drinking)):
- Diabetes insipidus centralis – caused by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) due to failure of ADH production (partial (partial) or total; permanent or transient (temporary); due to, e.g., hypothalamohypophyseal tumor, traumatic brain injury (TBI), etc.).
- Diabetes insipidus renalis (synonym: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; ICD-10 N25.1) – caused by lack of or insufficient response of the kidneys to ADH (ADH concentration is normal or even increased).
- Diabetes mellitus (diabetes), poorly adjusted.
- Diabetic coma
- Fanconi syndrome (synonyms: Gluco-amino-phosphate diabetes, De-Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome, Reno-tubular syndrome (Fanconi).
- Genetic (hereditary De-Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome; autosomal recessive inheritance) – renal dysfunction (proximal tubule) with urinary excretion of glucose, amino acids, potassium, phosphate, and protein; hypercalcemia with risk of nephrocalcinosis and metabolic acidosis (metabolic acidosis)
- Acquired as a result of secondary genesis (e.g. metabolic diseases; nephrotoxic substances).
- Hypercalcemia (calcium excess) – e.g. due tomalignant neoplasms / malignant neoplasms (eg, multiple bone metastases in breast cancer / breast cancer, plasmocytoma, etc.), hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid hyperfunction).
- Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).
- Hypoglycemia (hyperglycemia)
- Graves’ disease – autoimmune disease; it is hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) induced by stimulating autoantibodies against the TSH receptor (TRAK) (due to increased organ perfusion: GFR ↑).
- Cushing’s disease – group of diseases leading to hypercortisolism (hypercortisolism; excess of cortisol).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Supraventricular tachycardia – tachycardia (racing of the heart) in which there are up to heart rates of 150-220 beats/minute; origin of the excitation is in the area of the atrium cordis at the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, or at the His bundle.
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Diarrhea (diarrhea), chronic
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Primary polydipsia – increased fluid consumption without underlying disease.
- Psychogenic polydipsia (compulsive water drinking).
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Osmotic polyuria (eg, wg electrolytes, glucose, or urea).
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Recovery period after tubulointerstitial disease (acute tubular necrosis).
- Hydronephrosis (urinary stasis kidney).
- Renal insufficiency (chronic renal failure), chronic.
- Osmotic diuresis – often triggered by the following substances: glucose, mannitol, urea.
- Polyuric phase of acute renal failure (ANV).
- Pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis), chronic.
- Cystic kidney disease
Medication
- Antibiotics
- Gentamycin
- Tetracycline
- Amphotericin B (antifungal agent)
- Anticholinergics (polydipsia!/due toincreased drinking) – group of drugs that inhibits the action of the transmitter acetylcholine.
- Antidepressants (MAO inhibitors; SSRI = Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) – nocturia due to central nervous effects.
- Antiepileptic drugs – nocturia due to central nervous effects.
- Antihypertensives
- Bronchodilators
- Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers; group of drugs used for hypertension) – leads to polyuria.
- Chlorpromazine (polydipsia!) – active substance from the group of neuroleptics.
- Diuretics (drugs to flush out water) – especially when taken in the evening.
- Dopamine antagonists – nocturia due to central nervous effects.
- Drugs: cannabis (hashish and marijuana), ecstasy, heroin, cocaine or speed (amphetamines).
- Glibenclamide (oral antidiabetic).
- Hormones
- Glucocorticoids (polyuria)
- Thyroid hormones (thyroxine)
- Theophylline – active ingredient belonging to the xanthine derivatives and used mainly in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
- Thioridazine (polydipsia!) – Active substance from the group of neuroleptics.
- Lithium carbonate
- Stimulants – e.g. alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, ephedrine, cocaine, speed (amphetamines).
- Sympathomimetics
Further
- Behavioral causes
- Nutrition
- High protein (protein-rich) diet
- Consumption of stimulants
- Alcohol consumption
- Polydipsia (excessive feeling of thirst)
- Nutrition
- X-ray contrast agent intake
- Condition after paravertebral anesthesia – form of regional anesthesia.