Products
Potassium citrate is commercially available in the form of modified-release tablets (Urocit). It has been approved in many countries since 2012. Potassium citrate is also found in salt mixes and foods. This article is related to the prevention of kidney stones.
Structure and properties
Potassium citrate (C6H5K3O7 – H2O, Mr = 324.4 g/mol) is the potassium salt of citric acid. It exists as a white, granular powder or as translucent crystals, is hygroscopic and very soluble in water.
Effects
Potassium citrate (ATC G04BC) is metabolized to carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, which have alkalizing properties and increase urinary pH.
Indications
For prevention of kidney stones in patients with a history of kidney stones.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Tablets are taken with or after food with sufficient liquid. Food and liquid may reduce unwanted side effects in the intestine.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Hyperkalemia
- Risk of hyperkalemia
- Patients with impaired gastrointestinal transit.
- Gastric or intestinal ulcers
- Acute urinary tract infections
- Impaired renal function
Potassium citrate should not be combined with potassium-sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitors. Refer to the drug label for complete precautions.
Interactions
Drugs that increase the risk for hyperkalemia should not be combined with potassium citrate. These include, for example, potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors, and potassium-sparing diuretics. Other interactions are possible with cardiac glycosides, aluminum, and anticholinergics.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include digestive symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
