Prostaglandin derivatives

Effect

Prostaglandins are produced by the body and have a variety of effects ranging from a reduction in the production of gastric juice to an effect on the tone of smooth muscles and the cardiovascular system. In addition to these effects, an increased outflow of aqueous humor, which is associated with a reduction in intraocular pressure, can also be observed.

Fields of application

The reduction of intraocular pressure is used in the treatment of glaucoma. The following substances are used: Bimatoprost (Lumigan), Latanoprost (Xalatan), Travoprost (Travatan) and Unoprostone (Rescula). The eye drops should be taken once a day.

More frequent use carries the risk that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect may be reduced. Prostaglandin derivatives can also be used in combination with beta-blockers. 4-6 weeks after discontinuation the drug can still be detected (washout time).

Side effects

The effect of prostaglandin derivatives on kidney and liver damage has not been investigated. Drugs in this group should be used with caution in patients with corresponding concomitant diseases. Patients receiving prostaglandin derivatives should be informed that there may be accelerated eyelash growth and a change in eye pigmentation, which would result in a different appearance of both eyes. Allergies, uveitides and conjunctival hyperemia (red eyes) have also been observed under treatment.

Contraindications

In patients with a hypersensitivity to prostaglandins as well as an existing inflammation of the uvea, conjunctiva and viral infections of the eye, prostaglandin derivatives should not be given or should only be given with special caution. Furthermore, medication should be used with caution in patients with known liver or kidney dysfunction.