Products
Protamine is commercially available as an injectable. It has been approved in many countries since 1949.
Structure and properties
Protamine is present in the drug as protamine hydrochloride. It consists of the hydrochlorides of basic peptides with a deep molecular mass and a high arginine content, obtained from sperm or roe of fish (mostly and ) by extraction. Protamine may also be present in drugs as protamine sulfate.
Effects
Protamine (ATC V03AB14) binds to acidic heparin, forming inactive complexes and thus abolishing its anticoagulant effects. The effect occurs after one to two minutes. In the absence of heparin, protamine itself is also anticoagulant. Therefore, an overdose can lead to bleeding.
Indications
- For inactivation of heparin1 for more severe bleeding after massive intravenous or subcutaneous overdose of heparin.
- For inactivation of heparin after use of extracorporeal circulation and artificial kidney.
1 meant the various heparins.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The drug is injected very slowly intravenously or intramuscularly.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Protamine should not be mixed with other medications, especially antibiotics or contrast agents, because precipitation may occur.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include:
- Nausea, vomiting
- Heat sensation
- Slow pulse
- Shortness of breath
- Low blood pressure or high blood pressure
- Allergic reactions, anaphylaxis
