Products
Proxymetacaine is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Alcaine). It has been approved in many countries since 1996.
Structure and properties
Proxymetacaine (C16H26N2O3, Mr = 294.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as proxymetacaine hydrochloride. It belongs to the ester-type local anesthetics and is structurally related to procaine.
Effects
Proxymetacaine (ATC S01HA04) has local anesthetic properties. The onset of action is rapid, within approximately 15 seconds, and lasts up to 15 minutes. The effects are due to inhibition of sodium channels in nerve cells.
Indications
For short-term surface anesthesia in ophthalmology.
Dosage
According to the directions for use. Typically, one drop is administered to adults in the conjunctival sac. For maintenance, another drop may be given every 5 to 10 minutes, but not more than 7 drops. See also under Administering eye drops.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Prolonged use without corneal control
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are possible with cholinesterase inhibitors, mydriatics, aminosalicylates, sulfonamides, and suxamethonium.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include local reactions to the eye such as irritation, stinging, burning, redness, lacrimation, and photosensitivity. Local anesthetics can cause corneal damage, especially if used improperly, and therefore are administered exclusively by a physician.
