Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests.
- Small blood count
- Differential blood count
- Ferritin – if iron deficiency anemia is suspected.
- Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
- Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood), sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing suitable antibiotics for sensitivity / resistance).
- Electrolytes – calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphate.
- Total protein, albumin
- Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) if necessary.
- HbA1c
- Thyroid parameters – TSH, fT3, fT4 – if hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) is suspected.
- Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT); alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin.
- Renal parameters – urea, creatinine, cystatin C or creatinine clearance, if necessary.
- Uric acid
- Folic acid
- Vitamin B12
- Zinc
Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Electrophoresis
- Hepatitis B and C serology
- HIV test
- Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) – e.g. due toautoimmune diseases.
- Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) – eg due toautoimmune diseases.
- Porphyrins (metabolic diagnostics).
- Tryptase – detection of mast cell involvement in allergic reactions.
- PTH (parathyroid hormone) – in disorders of calcium metabolism, suspected hyper- or hypoparathyroidism, renal insufficiency, nephro- and urolithiasis, malabsorption syndrome, osteopathy.
- Transglutaminase antibodies or endomysium antibodies (EMA) and total IgA in serum – as celiac disease screening; in case of IgA deficiency: genetic test (DNA analysis)/detection of celiac disease-associated HLA-DQ gene constellation, this allows with very high certainty the exclusion of celiac disease.
- HIV antibodies
- 5-HIES (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) in urine – due tocarcinoid diagnostics.
- Histamine in urine – elevated in: Mastocytosis and mastocytoma, type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, CML, carcinoid, polycythaemia vera.
- IgE, allergen-specific IgE
- Bone marrow biopsy and cytology – if leukemia (blood cancer) is suspected, for example.
- Paraproteins
- Skin biopsy – tissue removal from the skin.
- Pathogen detection from the affected skin area.
