Products
Ranitidine was commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, effervescent tablets, and as a solution for injection and had been approved since 1981 (Zantic, generic). Currently, drugs containing ranitidine are no longer available in many countries. Starting in 1996, tablets for self-medication with 75 mg were released. However, they are now also no longer available.
Structure and properties
Ranitidine (C13H22N4O3S, Mr = 314.40 g/mol) is present in drugs as ranitidine hydrochloride, a white to pale yellow powder that is readily soluble in water. It is a furan derivative and an organic cation.
Effects
Ranitidine (ATC A02BA02) inhibits the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin in the stomach. Effects are due to antagonism at histamine H2 receptors. The duration of action is approximately 12 hours.
Indications
Ranitidine is used for the treatment of gastric and intestinal ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastric distress, gastric protection, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and Helicobacter pylori eradication, among other indications. The 75 mg tablets for were approved for the short-term, symptomatic treatment of acid regurgitation, heartburn, and hyperacidity of the stomach. Proton pump inhibitors are now more commonly used for many of these indications.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The dosing schedule depends on the indication. Tablets are taken independently of meals and usually once or twice daily. The maximum daily dose is 600 mg, and 300 mg for self-medication.
Contraindications
Ranitidine is contraindicated in hypersensitivity and with a history of acute porphyria. For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are possible at the kidney with other organic cations. Raising gastric pH may affect the bioavailability of other drugs. Other interactions may occur with vitamin K antagonists and sucralfate.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include digestive symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, and nausea; skin rash; headache; dizziness; and fatigue.
