Rehabilitation sports in neurology
Common clinical pictures: In order to be able to offer rehabilitation sports in neurology, it is advisable to have an appropriate specialist trainer’s license, as well as a preferably barrier-free entrance to sports facilities and sanitary facilities.The problems of participants with neurological diseases in all age groups are complex and can significantly reduce the quality of life in everyday life and at work. There may be a loss of strength or even flaccid or spastic paralysis, which makes independent walking impossible. Loss of coordination and balance, restrictions in sensitivity and physical sensation, general problems of understanding up to mental retardation, orientation disorders and slowdown/drive disturbances can occur individually or as an overall symptom.
In practice, the composition of the neurological rehabilitation group is often inhomogeneous, unless it is possible to group participants of certain neurological diseases into individual groups. BSP: Groups of people with Parkinson’s disease or stroke. The limitations of participants with neurological diseases are comprehensive and multifactorial and can range from walking ability and independence to wheelchair dependency and need for care.
The possible disabilities are temporary, permanent, or progressive. Nevertheless, the group leader should take into account each individual participant with his or her individual limitations. This can only be achieved through internal differentiation.
Exercises can be modified for individual participants or individual exercises can be announced. Some participants may perform the exercises with the same objective in standing, on the mat or sitting (differentiation via different starting positions). Accordingly, the warm-up and sports games must be adapted.
The explanation or demonstration of individual exercises or sports games should be carried out in such a way that they are understood by all participants. goals: Help for self-help, independence and improvement of inclusion in everyday life are the main focuses of rehabilitation sports in neurology. In sports lessons with neurologically ill patients, the emphasis is different in each group constellation.
Strength, mobility, coordination and reaction training are possible topics of an hour. Also the training of the perception and relaxation ability and the memory` should not be neglected for many participants. The OCs teach individual compensatory movements to compensate for the limitation caused by the disability, which can be different for each participant.
In balance exercises, exploring the individual limits is an important factor. The safety of the participants is more important than the risk. The joy of movement is particularly evident in adapted sports games without a competitive character.
Motivation, fun and general activation form the basis for regular participation and integration.
- Congenital brain damage often accompanied by spasticity with or without mental retardation
- Stroke
- Parkinson
- Epilepsy
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Paraplegia
- Tumor Diseases
- Polyneuropathy
- Craniocerebral Trauma
- AD(H)S (attention deficit syndrome with or without hyperactivity
- Other degenerative neurological/muscular diseases
- Dementia diseases
- Mental diseases
- Functional improvement of the affected body regions
- Improvement of balance and coordination
- Improvement of the disturbed body perception
- Social integration
- Mediation of joy of movement and motivation
- Facilitation of dealing with the disability
- Improvement of body and self-awareness (psychic and physical)
The spectrum of cancer diagnoses is very diverse. The different diseases could also be assigned to the individual fields of medicine.
A cancer diagnosis, cancer disease and therapy represents a major break in life routine with considerable physical, psychological and social consequences. The affected persons experience different stages of the disease experience, its processing and coping. A cancer diagnosis not only affects the patient himself, but also the social and professional environment.
On the one hand, rehabilitation sport addresses the most varied physical symptoms of the patient, on the other hand it makes an important contribution to overcoming the disease and improving the quality of life. Objectives in rehabilitation sport with cancer patients: Through sport in groups and the exchange with other affected persons the motivation increases, on the one hand in sport, on the other hand in everyday life.The fun of group sports, the release of “happiness messengers” and the learning of relaxation methods reduce the risk of depression and increase the joy of life. Frequently, private meetings or self-help groups develop through the group even outside of sports.
This sustainably improves social integration. The main focus of rehabilitation sports in cancer aftercare is on endurance and strength training, since the severity of the disease and the therapies often significantly reduce cardiovascular and pulmonary endurance and weaken the muscles. Since movement restrictions often occur as a result of the operations that may have been performed (e.g. restricted arm elevation after breast surgery), a further focus is the mobilization of movement restrictions.
The teaching of relaxation techniques, breathing training and exercises to improve body awareness are also an important part of a rehabilitation lesson in cancer aftercare. Sports games promote social contact and convey a sense of fun in movement. They should not have a competitive character, but each person should be able to act according to his or her abilities. It is important to feel, maintain and improve your own limits.
- Reduction of the consequences of illness such as loss of strength, reduction in endurance, restricted movement, social isolation
- Decrease in fatigue (chronic fatigue, weakness in performance and drive)
- Improvement of the quality of life
- Improvement of body perception
- Increased risk appetite and confidence in one’s own resilience
