Hypernephroma (renal cell carcinoma) usually does not cause early symptoms. The following symptoms and complaints may indicate advanced hypernephroma:
- Painless hematuria or painless macrohematuria – blood in the urine or visible blood in the urine (because of tumor invasion of the renal pelvis; common initial symptom and also a late symptom).
- Anemia (anemia)
- Anorexia (loss of appetite)
- Fever
- Flank pain
- Weight loss
- Reduction in performance
- Nausea (nausea)
- Palpable swelling in the renal bed
- Varicocele (“varicose vein hernia”) – can occur acutely on the left side
Classic triad (≤ 10% of patients).
- Hematuria
- Palpable space
- Abdominal pain (abdominal pain)
Paraneoplastic symptoms
In addition, a number of paraneoplastic symptoms may occur in hypernephroma. These are symptoms that are due to the remote (humoral) action of the tumor; they include:
- Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Cushing’s syndrome (Cushing’s disease) – renal cortical hyperfunction with elevated cortisol levels.
- Galactorrhea (abnormal breast milk discharge).
- Hyperkalemia (excess potassium)
- Hypercalcemia (excess calcium)
- Liver dysfunction
- Polyglobulia – increase in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.
