Products
High-dose riboflavin capsules of 100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg are not registered as drugs in many countries. They can be manufactured in pharmacies, usually as an extemporaneous formulation. Pharmacies can also order them from specialized suppliers.
Structure and properties
Riboflavin (C17H20N4O6, Mr = 376.4 g/mol) exists as a yellow to orange-yellow, bitter-tasting, crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. It is a prodrug active in the form of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It is sensitive to light and UV radiation.
Effects
The effects of riboflavin are attributed to the promotion of its function in the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Some clinical studies have been conducted. The effects occur after about one month.
Indications for use
For the prevention of migraine attacks. To date, it is used without drug agency approval (no official medical indication).
Dosage
According to doctor’s instructions. The usual daily dose for migraine prevention is in the range of 100 mg to 400 mg, depending on the patient’s age. The dose can also be divided into two doses, so for adults, for example, 200 mg in the morning and 200 mg in the evening. It is a high dose. For example, the DACH reference value for adults is between 1.0 mg to 1.4 mg. There is some doubt in the literature that absorption is complete.
Contraindications
Riboflavin is contraindicated in hypersensitivity. Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Adverse Effects
Riboflavin may discolor urine yellow to orange and affect urinalyses. Other possible adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances and polyuria. Riboflavin has low toxicity and is considered well tolerated.
