Classification of sialadenitis according to cause:
- Bacterial cause
- Due to ascending infection
- by hematogenous (“caused by the blood”) dissemination
- Probably in marantic overall situation (protein deficiency caused).
- Probably in otherwise stressed overall situation (eg, after surgical procedures).
- By lymphogenic scattering
- Secondary by obstruction of the excretory duct (outflow obstruction by concretion or stone: sialolithiasis; by tumor; stenosis (narrowing) by injury).
- By continuation from the environment
- Viral conditioned
- Mumps virus (parotitis epidemica, mumps).
- Cytomegalovirus (cytomegalial adenitis, salivary gland virus disease).
- Coxsackie virus
- Echo viruses
- Parainfluenza viruses of types 1-3
- Influenza viruses
- HIV virus (HIV-associated changes in the salivary glands).
- Radiogenic conditioned
- Radiogenic (radiation-induced) sialadenitis (radiation sialadenitis).
- Immunological conditioned
- Myoepithelial – Sjögren’s syndrome
- Epithelioid cellular – Heerfordt’s syndrome
- Inflammatory changes due to impaired secretory function.
- In alcohol abuse
- With diabetic metabolic condition
- Dyschyly – secretion disorder
- Quantitatively associated with xerostomia [chronic parotitis].
- Qualitatively accompanied by salivary stone formation as a result of [sialolithiasis]
- Other, rare, specific inflammatory forms.
- Sialadenitis in tuberculosis
- Sialadenitis in atypical mycobacterioses.
- Sialadenitis in actinomycosis
- Sialadenitis in syphilis (lues)
- Sialadenitis in cat scratch disease
- Sialadenitis in toxoplasmosis
Sialadenitis – after clinical findings of acute or chronic swelling.
Acute | Increasing with food intake | Stasis sialolithiasis | |
Acute | Constant | dolent (painful) reddened unilateral | acute purulent sialadenitis |
Acute | Constant | dolent diffuse bilateral | viral sialadenitis |
Acute | Constant | little dolent | cyst or allergic reaction |
Chronic | Bilateral | diffuse | Sialadenosis, immunosialadenitis |
Chronic | Unilateral | diffuse | chronic sialadenitis |
Chronic | Unilateral | circumscribed | Tumor |
Classification according to progression
- Acute sialadenitis
- Neonatal (“affecting the newborn”) parotitis.
- Acute purulent parotitis
- Acute lymphadenitis (intraparotid)
- Viral infections
- Coxsackie viral disease
- ECHO virus infection
- Epstein-Barr virus disease
- Influenza
- Parainfluenza
- Parotitis epidemica
- Cytomegalovirus disease
- HI viral disease
- Chronic sialadenitis
- Chronic recurrent parotitis
- Sialectatic parotitis
- Chronic obstructive sialadenitis (sialolithiasis)
- Chronic myoepithelial sialadenitis (Sjögren’s or Sicca syndrome).
- Chronic epithelioid cellular sialadenitis (Heerfordt syndrome) (sarcoidosis of the salivary glands).
- Chronic lymphadenopathy (intraparotideal).
- microbial infections
- Actinomycosis (radiation mycosis).
- Atypical mycobacterioses
- Cat scratch disease
- Toxoplasmosis (infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan (single-celled organism)).
- Tuberculosis