If the skin is injured, for example, by an accident or an operation, scars remain. Ideally, at the end of the formation process of a scar, only a pale contour is visible, but unfortunately this is not always the case. Unsightly scars often develop.
Scars – how do they develop?
The skin is built up in three layers, the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutis. If not only the epidermis is severed by an injury, but also the underlying skin layer(s), a scar is formed. Our organism is not able to renew the destroyed tissue in the same way. Typical characteristics of the new tissue:
- It is less elastic.
- The function is limited (no hair, sweat glands, etc).
Scars may be redder or lighter – due to the nature of the new tissue. If such scars are located in highly visible places, those affected often feel stigmatized and marginalized. In addition, scars can cause feelings of tension and restricted movement.
Scars – what types are there?
- Scar growths (hypertrophic scars): they are caused by excessive formation of connective tissue. They may be itchy or painful, but they remain confined to the original area of injury. A wound that is subjected to constant movement during healing increases the likelihood that such a scar will form. Scar growths develop within a few weeks after the injury.
- Scar bulges (keloids): these scars are also caused by overproduction of connective tissue. They are thick, bulging, often severely reddened, appear darker than the surrounding tissue, and extend beyond the original area of injury. The scar structure may have an irregular shape.
- Scar depressions (atrophic scars): in scar depressions, unlike the two types of scars above, too little connective tissue is formed, resulting in a “sunken” scar. It lies deeper than the surrounding skin. Typical example of this type of scar are acne scars.
Scars – what affects their appearance?
Several factors affect the development of a scar.
- Age: The skin of older people heals more slowly. In children or younger people, the skin tends to overreact and produce more connective tissue than necessary. This results in larger, thicker scars.
- Hereditary factors/skin types: The predisposition to noticeable scarring can also be hereditary. People of African or Asian descent are more prone to scarring growths or bulges than Europeans.
- Location of the scar: scars that are located over or near frequently stressed areas of the body (e.g., shoulders, back, and joints) are subject to greater tensile stress and thus are usually more developed or visible than those on less stressed areas of the body.
- Wound infections/complications during wound healing: wound infections or inflammation increase the likelihood of noticeable scarring.
Scars – what can you do about them?
Depending on the nature of the scar, you can choose from a variety of treatment options. These methods include: Laser, surgery, injections, cryotherapy, abrasion (grinding), pressure dressings, silicone gel sheets/pads, and ointments and creams. Which treatment is right for a scar is best decided by the physician.
