Schistosomiasis: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by schistosomiasis:

Respiratory system (J00-J99)

Bronchitis
Pulmonary schistosomiasis – consequences include pulmonary hypertension (high pressure in the lungs) and cor pulmonale (dilatation (widening) and/or hypertrophy (enlargement) of the right ventricle (main chamber) of the heart as a result of pulmonary hypertension (increase in pressure in the pulmonary circulation)

Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).

Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99)

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)

Cor pulmonale – dilatation (widening) and/or hypertrophy (enlargement) of the right ventricle (main chamber) of the heart due to pulmonary hypertension (increase in pressure in the pulmonary circulation: pulmonary arterial mean pressure (mPAP) > 25 mmHg at rest – normal mPAP is 14 ± 3 and does not exceed 20 mmHG), which may be due to various diseases of the lung
Pulmonary hypertension (PH; pulmonary hypertension) caused by intestinal schistosomiasis (S. mansoni, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi)

Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).

Acute hepatitis (inflammation of the liver).
Katayama fever – immune response to acute schistosomiasis infection; ca. 2-8 weeks after infection, an allergic reaction with edema, wheal formation, and a rapid rise in fever with chills, headache, and cough occurs due to pulmonary passage of the parasites; due to the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes may develop hepatosplenomegaly (liver and spleen enlargement), lymphadenopathies (lymph node enlargement), sometimes glomerulonephritis (kidney disease caused by inflammation of the renal corpuscles); typically, a pronounced eosinophilia (increase in the number of eosinophilic granulocytes in the blood count)

Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).

Acute hepatitis (inflammation of the liver).
Hepatolienal schistosomiasis – liver fibrosis, portal hypertension (portal vein hypertension), and splenomegaly (splenomegaly); accompanying symptoms: weakness, weight loss, and anemia (anemia)
Portal hypertension (portal hypertension).

Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

Intestinal bilharzia – leads to ulceration (ulceration), intestinal bleeding and often polyposis (appearance of numerous polyps).
Colitis (inflammation of the intestine)
Colonic polyposis (colon polyposis) – occurrence of numerous colon polyps.
Rectal bleeding – bleeding from the rectum.

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99)

Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)

Urinary bladder carcinoma (bladder cancer).
Urothelial carcinoma caused by urogenital schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium); urothelial carcinoma (synonyms: transitional cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma) malignant (malignant) tumors of the transitional tissue (urothelium) lining the urinary tract; occurs as cancer of the renal pelvis, ureters, urethra, and bladder cancer.

Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium (O00-O99).

Extrauterine pregnancy – gravidity (pregnancy) in which nidation (implantation) of the blastocyte (embryo in the early stage of development; arises from the morula/mulberry stage on about day 4 after fertilization) occurs outside the uterus (womb)

Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not classified elsewhere (R00-R99).

Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99)

Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).

Other