The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by sciatica/lumboischialgia:
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Paralysis (see below ischiadic nerve – nerve branches and supply areas).
- Sensory disturbances (see below).
- Strong psychological stress
- Dissatisfaction
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99)
- Chronic back pain
- Radicular pain – pain due to involvement of nerve roots.
- Recurrent (recurring) back pain
Sciatic nerve (nerve branches and areas of supply).
| Localization | Nerve branch | Innervation area | Function |
| From sciatic nerve | Tibial nerve | ||
| N. cutaneus surae medialis | N. cutaneus surae lateralis to the N. suralisRami calcaneiN. cutaneus dorsalis lateralis | Sensory:heel skin,lateral edge of foot and little toe. | |
| From tibial nerve | Rr. musculares | M. popliteus | Knee flexion (knee flexion) |
| M. gastrocnemius | Plantar flexion of the foot (and flexion at the knee joint). | ||
| M. soleus | |||
| M. plantaris | |||
| R. articularis genus | Knee joint | Sensitive | |
| Rr. musculares | M. tibialis posterior | Supination and plantar flexion of the foot. | |
| M. flexor digitorum longus | Flexion of the terminal phalanges of the toes | ||
| M. flexor hallucis longus | Flexion of the great toe, assists flexion and supination (outward rotation) and adduction (bringing a body part laterally or placing it against the longitudinal axis of the limb) of the foot | ||
| Sensitive branches | Tibia, fibula | ||
| R. talocruralis | |||
| Rr. calcanei mediales | Skin to heel and medial edge of foot | ||
| Medial plantar nerve | |||
| Rr. cutanei | Skin of sole of foot | ||
| Nn. digitales plantares communes, Nn. digitales plantares proprii | Skin of 1st toe to medial side of 4th toe. | Sensitive | |
| Rr. musculares | M. abductor hallucis | Abduction (splaying of a body part toward the longitudinal axis of the limb) and plantar flexion of the great toe | |
| M. flexor digitorum brevis | Flexion (bending) of the middle phalanges (middle phalanx) of the 2nd through 4th (5th) toes | ||
| M. flexor hallucis brevis | Flexion of the proximal phalanx (proximal phalanx) of the great toe | ||
| Mm. lumbricales I-II | Flexion in the metacarpophalangeal joint and extension in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the toes | ||
| Lateral plantar nerve | |||
| Rr. musculares | M. opponens digiti minimi | Abduction of the lesser toe | |
| M. flexor digiti minimi | Plantar flexion of the little toe | ||
| M. abductor digiti minimi | Plantar flexion and abduction of the little toe | ||
| M. quadratus plantae | Flexes the toes and increases the action of the flexor digitorum longus muscle | ||
| R. profundus | Mm. interossei | Adduction of the 3rd to 5th toes to the 2nd toe, flexion of the proximal phalanx, extension (stretching) of the middle and distal phalanges | |
| M. adductor hallucis | Plantar flexion and adduction of the big toe. | ||
| M. flexor hallucis brevis | Plantar flexion of the big toe | ||
| Mm. lumbricales III-IV | Flexion of proximal phalanx, extension of middle and distal phalanx. | ||
| R. superficialis | Nn.digitales plantares proprii | Lateral (side) half of the 4th and 5th toes. |
Sciatic nerve (nerve branches and supply areas).
| Localization | Nerve branch | Innervation area | Function |
| From sciatic nerve | Tibial nerve | ||
| N. cutaneus surae medialis | N. cutaneus surae lateralis to the N. suralisRami calcaneiN. cutaneus dorsalis lateralis | Sensory:heel skin,lateral edge of foot and little toe. | |
| From tibial nerve | Rr. musculares | M. popliteus | Knee flexion (knee flexion) |
| M. gastrocnemius | Plantar flexion of the foot (and flexion at the knee joint). | ||
| M. soleus | |||
| M. plantaris | |||
| R. articularis genus | Knee joint | Sensitive | |
| Rr. musculares | M. tibialis posterior | Supination and plantar flexion of the foot. | |
| M. flexor digitorum longus | Flexion of the terminal phalanges of the toes | ||
| M. flexor hallucis longus | Flexion of the great toe, assists flexion and supination (outward rotation) and adduction (bringing a body part laterally or placing it against the longitudinal axis of the limb) of the foot | ||
| Sensitive branches | Tibia, fibula | ||
| R. talocruralis | |||
| Rr. calcanei mediales | Skin to heel and medial edge of foot | ||
| Medial plantar nerve | |||
| Rr. cutanei | Skin of sole of foot | ||
| Nn. digitales plantares communes, Nn. digitales plantares proprii | Skin of 1st toe to medial side of 4th toe. | Sensitive | |
| Rr. musculares | M. abductor hallucis | Abduction (splaying of a body part toward the longitudinal axis of the limb) and plantar flexion of the great toe | |
| M. flexor digitorum brevis | Flexion of the middle phalanges (middle phalanx) of the 2nd to 4th (5th) toes. | ||
| M. flexor hallucis brevis | Flexion of the proximal phalanx (proximal phalanx) of the great toe | ||
| Mm. lumbricales I-II | Flexion in the metacarpophalangeal joint and extension in the middle and terminal joints of the toes | ||
| Lateral plantar nerve | |||
| Rr. musculares | M. opponens digiti minimi | Abduction of the lesser toe | |
| M. flexor digiti minimi | Plantar flexion of the little toe | ||
| M. abductor digiti minimi | Plantar flexion and abduction of the little toe | ||
| M. quadratus plantae | Reining in the tendons of the flexor digitorum muscle; flexes the toes and increases the action of the flexor digitorum longus muscle | ||
| R. profundus | Mm. interossei | Adduction of the 3rd to 5th toes to the 2nd toe, flexion of the proximal phalanx, extension (stretching) of the middle and distal phalanges | |
| M. adductor hallucis | Plantar flexion and adduction of the big toe. | ||
| M. flexor hallucis brevis | Plantar flexion of the big toe | ||
| Mm. lumbricales III-IV | Flexion of proximal phalanx, extension of middle and distal phalanx. | ||
| R. superficialis | Nn.digitales plantares proprii | Lateral (side) half of the 4th and 5th toes. |
