Cardiovascular (I00-I99).
- Vertebral artery dissection (dissection = splitting/intersecting).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Acute ligament or muscle pain in the spine.
- Acute reversible joint dysfunction – blockage of a joint that resolves spontaneously
- Autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis – chronic disease of the spine.
- Disc prolapse (herniated disc)
- Disc protrusion (bulging intervertebral disc)
- Discitis – inflammation of an intervertebral disc.
- Inflammatory diseases of the spine as in osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone).
- Postural deformities
- Sciatica – pain in the area of the sciatic nerve.
- Osteophyte formation – degenerative bone attachments.
- Osteoporosis (bone loss) – disease with reduction of bone mass.
- Osteosclerosis – disease with increase in bone mass, but reduced load capacity.
- Spinal stenosis – narrowing of the spinal canal.
- Spina bifida occulta (closed (hidden) spina bifida/misformation of the spinal canal).
- Spondylolisthesis (slippage of a vertebral body).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Epidural abscess – accumulation of pus in the area of the spinal cord membranes.
- Spinal cord tumors
- Tumor diseases, unspecified
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Mental disorders, unspecified
- Peripheral nerve damage
Injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Fracture (fracture of a bone) in the spine.
- Minor trauma (injury) – such as strains or sprains.
Medication
- Glucocorticoids (medications for inflammation and when the immune system is overactive – for example, in allergic reactions), these can lead to osteoporosis-related fractures with long-term therapy and thus back pain (three months or longer of systemic corticosteroid therapy increases the risk of osteoporosis by 30-50 percent!)
