Definition
The self-tanner is a cosmetic product that leads to a darker skin color through repeated application. Self-tanning has the advantage over conventional sunbathing or a visit to a solarium that you do not have to expose yourself to harmful UV rays.
Effect of the self-tanning lotion
Self-tanners color the horny layer (stratum corneum) of the skin, i.e. the outermost layer of the skin, which can be up to several millimeters thick. The thicker the horny layer, the more intense the tanning agent colors, which is why its use can lead to unwanted dark spots, especially on hands, feet and knees. The intensity of tanning increases with the number of applications and usually disappears a few days after the last application due to the natural desquamation of the uppermost corneal layer.
Self-tanning products contain dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a colorless simple sugar that reacts with the free amino groups of proteins and amino acids in the skin. A chemical reaction produces brown pigments, so-called melanoids, which give the outermost skin layer a brown tint. This reaction starts immediately after applying the tanning cream and is completed after about 6 to 8 hours.
As a result, a natural-looking tan of the skin can be achieved completely without sunlight. The callus consists of already dead skin cells that gradually peel off, thus making an important contribution to skin renewal. This natural process causes the melanoids formed by tanning creams to diminish after a few days, causing the skin to pale again.
In order to achieve a constant tan, self-tanners must therefore be used regularly. Self-tanners are sold in different intensity levels. In general, the higher the DHA content, the more intense and darker the tan achieved.
Side effects of self-tanning products
In general, artificial tanning from a tube is considered less harmful than extensive sunbathing or frequent visits to the solarium. However, it should be noted that despite tanning, self-tanners do not offer protection from UV light and sunburn is still possible. In addition, sunburn is often noticed too late due to the darker skin color.
Additional UV protection is therefore absolutely necessary and essential before sunbathing. Additives contained in the self-tanning lotion, such as fragrances, can lead to intolerances and trigger allergies. Some products contain greatly increased amounts of diethyl phthalate (DEP), an organic compound that is often used as a plasticizer and fixer for fragrances in cosmetics. However, the biggest problem of self-tanning products is caused by the active ingredient DHA itself. After excessive storage, the harmless DHA decomposes into formaldehyde, which is suspected of being carcinogenic.
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