In order to function, the sex organs need hormones, besides they produce important sex hormones themselves, which are essential, for example, for the formation of secondary sexual characteristics or pregnancy.
In the female
With the onset of puberty, hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, two important higher-level centers in the brain, influence the ovaries so that various hormones – namely estrogens and progesterone – are produced there.
Estrogens promote breast development, lead to the maturation of eggs, play an important role in the menstrual cycle and also in pregnancy. In addition, they also influence other organs in the body: they affect bone formation – which is why women are so prone to osteoporosis after menopause – build up body mass and have an effect on behavior and mood.
Progesterone is particularly important during pregnancy, as it has a supportive effect on the uterus and embryo.
In men
In men, hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland lead to increased production of androgens , the male sex hormones, of which testosterone is the most important, starting at puberty. It is responsible for the growth of the testes and penis and for sperm maturation; on the body, it influences beard growth and voice change, the buildup of body mass and male appearance, and leads to male behavior patterns – too much testosterone can make you aggressive.
How do sex organs change throughout life?
It is true that the sex organs are already created during embryonic development and even the germ cells, i.e. the egg and sperm cells, are already present as preliminary stages in the unborn child. The actual start of their activity, however, does not occur until puberty and, in women, extends into menopause, when the ovaries slowly cease their hormone production and no longer trigger monthly bleeding.
In men, the concentration of testosterone and thus the ability to procreate remains constant until old age. Sexual union is possible up to old age – however, the external sex organs change to the effect that the vaginal glands produce less vaginal secretion and an erection occurs less frequently in men. Both sexual partners also usually need longer sexual stimulation to get in the mood.
