Short foot muscles
The importance of the short foot muscles is limited to the tension of the arch of the foot. There is also a clear structure here: Big toe box Small toe box Middle muscle box However, it should be said that the arrangement as well as the supply by the nerves is similar to the hand. – Big toe box
- Small toe box
- Middle Muscle Loge
A distinction is made here between the musculus extensor hallucis brevis and the musculus extensor digitorum brevis.
Both have their origin at the upward pointing surface of the calcaneus. This thin but broad muscle runs across the back of the foot and its tendon is attached to the front big toe. The nervus fibularis profundus from the spinal cord segment L5-S1 supplies this area.
The function of both muscles is the extension of the big toe in the direction of the back of the foot or the extension of the 2nd -4th toe. Muscles of the big toe: Musculus abductor hallucis: Its fibres have several origins. On the one hand at the bony process of the calcaneus and on the other hand at the scaphoid and a coarse tendon plate at the lower surface of the foot (plantar aponeurosis).
The nerves are supplied by the N. plantaris medialis from the spinal cord segment S1, S2. Its function is the flexion and abduction of the big toe. Musculus flexor hallucis brevis: It is a two-headed muscle with origins on the inner side of the cuboid bone and on the sphenoid bone.
It also has a fibrous origin at the extension of the posterior tibial muscle (M. tibialis posterior). Both heads start with their sinewy ends at the central or lateral sesamoidal bone. The function is limited to the flexion of the big toe.
Musculus adductor hallucis: It is a two-headed muscle. With its transverse caput it originates at the third to fifth metatarsophalangeal joint of the toe. The caput obliquum originates at the cuboid bone, the outer sphenoid bone and the ossa metatarsi 2-4 and is located in the middle loge of the sole of the foot.
The common tendon runs along the lateral sesamoid bone and connects to the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe. The nerve irritation is supplied via the lateral plantar nerve from the S1, S2 segment. Its function is the attachment and flexion of the big toe.
Muscles of the little toe: Musculus abductor digiti minimi Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis Musculus opponens digiti minimi The lateral plantar nerve supplies all three muscles in the event of nerve irritation. There is also no difference in the function of all three muscles. They all lead to the abduction and flexion of the little toe.
However, their origins are different. For example, the abductor minimi muscle has its origin at the tendon plate mentioned above, while the other two muscles have their origin at the 5th metatarsal (Os metatarsi 5). The abductor digiti minimi muscle and the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle both originate from the anterior end of the small toe.
Only the M. opponens digiti minimi has its attachment at the rear of the 5th metatarsi. Muscles of the middle lobe: Musculus flexor digitorum brevis: The origin is at the tendon plate of the sole of the foot and at the heel bump of the calcaneus. Its origin is at the middle limbs of the 2nd -5th toe.
Here, too, nerve stimulus is transmitted through the plantaris medialis nerve from the spinal cord segment S1, S2. It causes a flexion of the toe in the metatarsophalangeal joint. Musculus quadratus plantae: The heel bone serves as the origin for this muscle.
Its attachment is at the tendons of the Musculus flexorum digitorum longus. The N. plantaris lateralis supplies this muscle. Here, too, the function lies in the flexion of the toes.
It also increases the effect of the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the ankle joint. Musculii lumbricales: These are four muscles that originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle. The insertions of these muscles extend to the front end limbs of the 2nd -5th toe.
Here too, the transmission of nerve impulses originates from the plantar nerve. However, both through its middle and outer part. All four muscles support the flexion of the toes in the metatarsophalangeal joint.
Musculii interossei dorsales 1-4: Originating at the metatarsals 1-5. Its origins are at the anterior part of the terminal phalanges 2-4. The spreading of toes 2-4 is mediated by the lateral plantar nerve.
Musculii interossei plantares: This is also three muscles. They all originate from the metatarsals 3-5 and also start at the front part of the distal phalanges of toes 3-5. Here, the lateral plantar nerve causes the toes 3-5 to attach to the toe 2.
- Musculus abductor hallucis: Its fibres have several origins. On the one hand at the bony process of the calcaneus and on the other hand at the scaphoid and a rough tendon plate at the lower surface of the foot (plantar aponeurosis). The nerves are supplied by the N. plantaris medialis from the spinal cord segment S1, S2.
Its function is the flexion and abduction of the big toe. – Musculus flexor hallucis brevis: It is a two-headed muscle with origins on the inner side of the cuboid bone and on the sphenoid bone. It also has a fibrous origin at the extension of the posterior tibial muscle (M. tibialis posterior).
Both heads start with their sinewy ends at the central or lateral sesamoidal bone. The function is limited to the flexion of the big toe. – Musculus adductor hallucis: It is a two-headed muscle.
With its transverse caput it originates at the third to fifth metatarsophalangeal joint of the toe. The caput obliquum originates at the cuboid bone, the outer sphenoid bone and the ossa metatarsi 2-4 and is located in the middle loge of the sole of the foot. The common tendon runs along the lateral sesamoid bone and connects to the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe.
The nerve irritation is supplied via the lateral plantar nerve from the S1, S2 segment. Its function is the attachment and flexion of the big toe. – Musculus abductor digiti minimi
- Musculus flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Musculus opponens digiti minimi
- Musculus flexor digitorum brevis: The origin is at the tendon plate of the sole of the foot and at the heel cusp of the heel bone.
Its attachment is at the middle links of the 2nd -5th toe. Here, too, nerve stimulus is transmitted through the plantaris medialis nerve from the spinal cord segment S1, S2. It causes a flexion of the toe in the metatarsophalangeal joint.
- Musculus quadratus plantae: The heel bone serves as the origin for this muscle. Its attachment is at the tendons of the Musculus flexorum digitorum longus. The N. plantaris lateralis supplies this muscle.
Here, too, the function lies in the flexion of the toes. It also strengthens the effect of the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the ankle joint. – Musculii lumbricales: These are four muscles that originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle.
The insertions of these muscles extend to the front end limbs of the 2nd -5th toe. Here too, the transmission of nerve impulses originates from the plantar nerve. However, both through its middle and outer part.
All four muscles support the flexion of the toes in the metatarsophalangeal joint. – Musculii interossei dorsales 1-4: Originating at the metatarsals 1-5. Its origins are at the anterior part of the terminal phalanges 2-4.
The spreading of toes 2-4 is mediated by the lateral plantar nerve. – Musculii interossei plantares: This is also three muscles. They all originate from the metatarsals 3-5 and also start at the front part of the distal phalanges of toes 3-5. Here, the lateral plantar nerve causes the toes 3-5 to attach to the toe 2.
