Shoulder blade fracture

Definition

A fracture of the shoulder blade, also called scapula fracture, is a fracture of the bone in the shoulder blade. The shoulder blade (scapula) is a flat, almost triangular bone that occurs on both sides and forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. High levels of force applied to the scapula can cause a fracture. A scapula fracture can affect different anatomical structures of the shoulder blade. The scapula itself, its bony extensions, and parts of the shoulder joint can break.

Causes

A shoulder blade fracture is caused by the enormous violent impact on the shoulder blade. Typical is an accident with extensive injuries, a so-called polytrauma. In addition, sports accidents are possible, for example skiing, snowboarding or riding. In order for the bone to actually break, the force applied to the flat bone must be extremely high. This is why it is a rather rare fracture compared to other fractures.

Symptoms

Those affected typically suffer from very severe pain and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. The shoulder blade is deformed and clearly malformed. There is also bruising and swelling over the affected shoulder blade.

Depending on the accident, other structures of the shoulder joint may be affected and cause discomfort. A scapula fracture is accompanied by very strong, dull pain, from which the affected person clearly suffers. The pain becomes stronger and stabbing when the affected shoulder is moved. Depending on the extent of possible concomitant injuries, the character of the pain may change.

Classification of shoulder blade fractures

Shoulder blade fractures can be divided into five types depending on the extent of the injury. A type A fracture describes a fracture of the scapula, while a type B fracture involves one or more bony extensions of the scapula. A type C fracture is a fracture of the acetabular neck. If the glenohumeral joint is involved, it is called a type D fracture. Type E includes all scapula fractures that are simultaneously accompanied by fractures of the humerus.