Dislocation (ICD-10 T14.3) refers to dislocation, which in turn describes the complete loss of contact between joint-forming bones.
Subluxation can be distinguished from luxation. This describes the incomplete loss of contact between the joint-forming bones.
The following forms of luxation (dislocation forms) can be distinguished:
- Congenital – arise slowly due to disturbances in growth.
- Habitual – arise without trauma; often in childhood; usually due to constitutional dysplasia
- Traumatic – arise suddenly due to trauma
Shoulder dislocation represents the most common dislocation in humans (over 50% of cases), followed by:
- Dislocation of the elbow joint (25% of cases).
- Dislocation of the thumb
- Finger luxation
- Hip dislocation
- Knee joint dislocation
- Patellar luxation (dislocation of the kneecap)
- Talus luxation (in the ankle joint)
95% of all shoulder joint dislocations are traumatic.According to ICD-10, shoulder dislocations can be divided as follows:
- S43.0: Dislocation shoulder joint [glenohumeral joint].
- M24.41: Habitual dislocation and subluxation of a joint: shoulder region
- Q68.8: Other specified congenital musculoskeletal deformities – Congenital dislocation of the shoulder.
The following forms of shoulder dislocation can be distinguished:
- Anterior shoulder dislocation – dislocation of the shoulder forward (> 90% of cases).
- Anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation – dislocation of the shoulder anteriorly downward.
- Posterior shoulder dislocation – dislocation of the shoulder backward.
- Others: axillary shoulder dislocation, paracorcacoidal shoulder dislocation, luxatio erecta (dislocation in which the head of the humerus is dislocated downward with the arm additionally held vertically upward).
Sex ratio: traumatic shoulder joint dislocation: men are more often affected than women.
Frequency peak: habituated dislocation occurs clustered in childhood.Traumatic shoulder joint dislocation occurs predominantly between the 15th and 30th year of life.
The prevalence (disease incidence) for congenital hip dislocation is 0.1% of all newborns. The prevalence for shoulder joint dislocation is 1-2% (in Germany).
The incidence (frequency of new cases) for shoulder joint dislocation is approximately 15 cases per 100,000 population per year (in Germany). The incidence for elbow dislocation is about 6 diseases per 100,000 inhabitants per year (in Germany).Course and prognosis: A shoulder dislocation is an emergency! In order to avoid or minimize consequential damage, the joint is repositioned promptly and gently (brought back to an (approximate) normal position or normal position).In young persons, an anterior shoulder dislocation with conservative therapy is often followed by a new shoulder dislocation.In persons over 40 years of age, a new shoulder dislocation often occurs under conservative therapy. With conservative therapy, damage to the rotator cuff (group of four muscles whose tendons, together with the ligamentum coracohumerale, form a tough tendon cap that encompasses the shoulder joint) often occurs.In habitual dislocation of the shoulder, good results can be achieved in 80% of cases with consistent conservative therapy measures, that is, over 6 months, as well as physiotherapy.With surgical therapy, the reluxation rate is up to a maximum of 20%.
