Side effects
The side effects of clonidine are explained by the localization of the α2 receptors. α2 receptors are not only found in the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, but also, for example, in blood vessels. This can lead to circulatory problems, especially when changing the body position from lying down to standing (orthostatic dysfunction) with a drop in blood pressure.
This can not only be the result of the activation of the receptors on the vessels, but also the result of the reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which then leads to a relative predominance of the sympathetic opponent, because the parasympathetic part is not affected. This aspect also leads to undesirable effects such as dry mouth. Further side effects can be fatigue and reduced performance. After sudden discontinuation of clonidine, an exuberant reaction with the opposite effect may occur (rebound phenomenon).
