Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Aneurysmal bone cyst (AKZ) – tumor-like osteolytic lesions (“bone loss”) with dark red to brownish cavities up to 14 cm3 in size.
- Paget’s disease (osteodystrophia deformans) – bone disease leading to bone remodeling and gradually thickening of several bones, usually the spine, pelvis, extremities or skull.
- Pathological fracture – spontaneous fracture due to pathological (pathological) processes in the bone; eg, osteoporosis.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Malignant (malignant) solid neoplasms such as:
- Chordoma (slowly and destructively growing tumors of the spine; these develop from remnants of the chorda dorsalis (notochordoa) at the ends of the spine. Main localizations: Base of the skull, Os coccygis/coccyx).
- Chondrosarcoma
- Ewing’s sarcoma – predominantly children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18; other locations: Humerus (upper arm bone), ribs, femur (thigh bone), and fibula (fibula bone).
- Fibrosarcoma (synonym: fibroplastic sarcoma).
- Osteosarcoma – predominantly adolescents and young adults (60% under 25 years); other localizations: metaphyseal in the long tubular bones.
- Plasmocytoma (multiple myeloma) – systemic disease. It belongs to the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of B lymphocytes. Multiple myeloma is associated with malignant (malignant) neoplasm of plasma cells and the formation of paraproteins
- Giant cell tumor (synonym: tenosynovial giant cell tumors, synovialiomas) – tumor with usually unclear dignity (decisive for the assessment of dignity is the number of abnormal cells and mitoses present in the tumor).
- Benign (benign) solid neoplasms such as:
- Eosinophilic granuloma (unifocal or multifocal eosinophilic granuloma is the localized course of histiocytosis X).
- Fibrodysplasia
- Hemangioma (blood sponge)
- Neurofibroma
- Osteoblastoma
- Osteoid osteoma
- Giant cell tumor (see above).
- Bone metastases (osseous metastases) [probability of skeletal metastases].
- Bronchial carcinoma (lung cancer) (30-50%).
- Cervical carcinoma (cervical cancer) (rare).
- Endometrial carcinoma (cancer of the uterus) (rare).
- Urinary bladder carcinoma (bladder cancer) (30-50%).
- Testicular carcinoma (testicular cancer)
- Colon carcinoma (colon cancer) (10-30%)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (8%)
- Mammary carcinoma (breast cancer) (> 50%)
- Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) (30-50%)
- Esophageal carcinoma (esophageal cancer.
- Ovarian carcinoma (ovarian cancer) (2-8%)
- Pancreatic carcinoma (cancer of the pancreas) (5-10%)
- Prostate carcinoma (cancer of the prostate gland) (> 50 %)
- Thyroid carcinoma ((thyroid cancer) (40%)
- Leukemia (blood cancer)
- Lymphoma – malignant neoplasms originating from the lymphatic system.
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Fracture (fracture of a bone) in the spine.
- Traumatic condition