Pathogenesis (development of disease)
In spondylosis, changes from pre-damaged intervertebral discs spread to the surrounding bony portions of the spine, leading primarily to marginal attachments and spur formation on the vertebral bodies. These changes can lead to spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) and painful stiffness of the spine.
Etiology (causes)
Biographic causes
- Age – older age (after age 70, spondylotic changes are visible on radiographs in more than 80% of the population)
Behavioral causes
- Consumption of stimulants
- Tobacco (smoking)
- Physical activity
- Lack of exercise
- High weight load
- Overload
- Overweight (BMI ≥ 25; obesity)
Disease-related causes
- Consequence of trauma
Other causes
- Postural deformities
