Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Spinal malformations such as spondylolysis (synonym: spondylolysis) – disruption of the interarticular portion (the area between the superior and inferior articular processes) in the arch of the fifth (80% of cases) or fourth lumbar vertebrae
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Lyme disease – infectious disease transmitted by ticks.
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Axial spondyloathritis (SpA) – chronic rheumatoid inflammatory systemic disease associated with inflammation of the spine; best-known subtype is ankylosing spondylitis (Bekhterev’s disease); initial symptoms are deep-seated, often nocturnal, back pain and spinal stiffness; disease usually first appears in the second to third decade of life
- Sciatica – back pain with radiation into the leg, caused by constriction of the sciatic nerve.
- Lumbago (lumbago)
- Bekhterev’s disease (ankylosing spondylitis; Latinized Greek: spondylitis “inflammation of the vertebrae” and ankylosans “stiffening”) – chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease with pain and stiffening of joints.
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
- Spondylitis – inflammation of one or more vertebral bodies.
- Spondylodiscitis (inflammation of the intervertebral disc and the two adjacent vertebral bodies) – about 2-4% of all infectious skeletal diseases in children (mostly with Staphylococcus aureus); is caused mainly by a hematogenous (“in the bloodstream) spread.
- Spondylolisthesis (spondylolisthesis)
- Cervical syndrome (cervical spine syndrome).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Bone tumors such as osteochondroma or osteosarcoma.
- Bone metastases, such as those that occur primarily in prostate carcinoma (cancer of the prostate gland) or in mammary carcinoma (breast cancer)
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Amylotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; synonyms: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or myatrophic lateral sclerosis; also Motor Neuron Disease; also Lou Gehrig’s syndrome or Charcot’s disease after the first describer Jean-Martin Charcot) – degenerative disease of the motor nervous system, with progressive and irreversible damage or degeneration of nerve cells (neurons) and lethal (fatal) outcome.
- Claudication spinalis – constriction of the spinal cord due to a narrowing of the spinal column.
- Epidural abscess – accumulation of pus between the calvaria of the skull and the dura mater/hard meninges.
- Meningitis, unspecified
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) – chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause paralysis and spasticity.
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Fractures (broken bones) in the spine, unspecified.
