The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (PEK):
Neoplasms – Tumor Diseases (C00-D48).
- Metastases, especially in lymph nodes or by direct infiltration.
- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC; basal cell carcinoma) as a secondary tumor after a PEK of the skin.
- Tumors of other entity: nonmelanocytic skin cancers (NMSC) were associated with an 80% higher risk (compared with the control group) of developing a noncutaneous cancer within an 8-year observation period in one study:
- Malignant bone tumors: 12-fold risk.
- Malignancies of the nasal cavity and larynx (HR 10.28), oral cavity and pharynx (HR 10.21).
- Anus and anal canal (HR 8.14).
- Cervical, thoracic, esophageal, and breast carcinoma; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, bronchial, and gastric carcinoma.
Overall cancer risk was nearly three times higher in younger NMSC patients than in the age-matched control group.
Prognostic factors
Risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis:
- Vertical tumor thickness (> 6 mm),
- Horizontal tumor thickness (≥ 2 cm),
- Histological (fine tissue) differentiation/tumor grade (“grading”) (> grade 3).
- Desmoplasia (connective tissue proliferation).
- Perineural infiltration/growth
- (lymphatic) vessel invasion
- Localization (lower lip, ear)
- Immunosuppression:
- Condition after organ transplantation
- Chronic graft-versus-host disease.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
