1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests.
- Inflammatory parameters-CRP (C-reactive protein)/hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein).
Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) (proinflammatory).
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (proinflammatory)
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); sample collection: sterile, fasting (> 4 h after the last meal); sample material: serum special tubes (endotoxin-free), not centrifuged.
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) – marker for lipid peroxidation.
- Histamine or tryptase (marker for allergic reactions).
- [Tryptase is detectable longer than the other markers histamine or leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.
- People with elevated levels of tryptase (4-6% of the population) are prone to urticaria (hives). Furthermore, when they sit up after lying down, they may experience palpitations (“postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)”); some even faint. Some suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). They react more violently to insect bites than other people].
- Complement factors C3, C4: are acute phase proteins and part of the nonspecific humoral immune system.
- Calprotectin: cell component of neutrophil granulocytes, which is considered a marker of granulocyte immigration into the lumen of the intestine in the context of an inflammatory process
- Laboratory diagnostics due tooxidative or nitrosative stress see below “Oxidative stress / laboratory diagnostics”.
