Introduction
Tendon sheaths are present in those parts of the human body where the tendons are exposed to high stress. They serve as slide bearings for the tendons and represent a kind of rail for them. The tendons are protected by their tendon sheaths and friction is reduced by the fluid located in the area between the tendon and the tendon sheath (synovial fluid).
Since the wrist is a very highly stressed area, tendon sheaths are also found here. There are these on both sides (flexor and extensor side). Here, the tendons of the flexor and extensor muscles of the forearm run to the fingers, which control the movements in all directions. An inflammation of the tendon sheaths is called tendovaginitis in the medical terminology.
Causes
Tendon sheath inflammation is usually caused by the frequent execution of repetitive, monotonous movements. If they occur in the wrist area, they are often caused by working at the computer. But musicians also often suffer from it.
In addition, tendosynovitis can also be caused by overstraining. This is particularly common in sports such as gymnastics, golf or tennis. Working in the household or unfamiliar tasks can also lead to inflammation of the tendon sheaths if the strain is high.
Inflammation of the tendon sheath is rarely caused by bacterial infections. Chlamydia, gonococcus or mycoplasma are possible triggers. Also rheumatic illnesses, like rheumatoid arthritis, can lead in their process to tendon inflammation with rheumatism.
Therefore, these must also be taken into account in the diagnosis. In most cases, the diagnosis of tendosynovitis of the wrist can be made on the basis of the typical symptoms. Additional palpation and movement tests by the doctor can confirm the diagnosis. However, if no clear diagnosis can be made, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-rays can be used as imaging techniques to make the inflammation visible. If bacterial infection or rheumatic disease is suspected as the trigger for the tendon sheath inflammation, a blood test should be performed to clarify the diagnosis.
