Pathogenesis (development of disease)
A recognized pathophysiologic concept of tension headache is lacking to date. Muscle contraction disorders in the neck and face are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis so far.
The following factors are further thought to be involved in pathogenesis:
- Genetic factors, which have not yet been further defined.
- Oromandibular dysfunction, manifested primarily by teeth grinding.
- Malposition of the body
- Disturbances in the perception of pain in the brain
- Stress
- Conflicts
- Fear
Etiology (causes)
Behavioral causes
- Diet
- Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients.
- Psycho-social situation
- Anxiety
- Conflict
- Stress
- Muscular tension; including daily consumption of chewing gum (1-6 /die).
- Oromandibular dysfunction, which is manifested mainly by bruxism (teeth grinding).
- Malposition of the body
- Disturbances in the perception of pain in the brain
Disease-related causes
- Depression
Medication
- Analgesics (painkillers)
- Hormones
- NO donors (drugs that release nitric oxide in a non-enzymatic or enzymatic reaction in vascular smooth muscle).
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE inhibitors; drugs that inhibit enzymes from the phosphodiesterases group).
- Other medications: for more information, see “Drug side effects” under “Headache due to medication.”
