Orchitis usually presents with a typical clinical picture.
Often, orchitis is present in combination with epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) and is then called epididymoorchitis.
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests.
- Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose blood), sediment.
- Urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing of suitable antibiotics for sensitivity / resistance); collection by midstream urine.[acute epididymitis: Enterobacterales; in sexual genesis Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae].
- Bacteriology (cultural): ejaculate for pathogens (aerobic u. anaerobic) and resistance, (if necessary, incl. Gonococci and Chlamydia (special smear material), possibly also for mycobacteria).
- Polymerase chain reaction from first stream urine – for testing for sexually transmitted infections.
2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Mumps antibody detection
- Syphilis serology (lues), if necessary.
- If necessary, differentiated serology (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae).
- If necessary, molecular biological diagnostics for pathogen detection.
- Testicular biopsy (tissue sampling from the testis) – for diagnosis in asymptomatic inflammatory processes; infertility (specific markers for non-invasive diagnostics are not yet available).